Ⅰ.阅读理解 A
(2019·山师附中模拟)Sometimes we may find that every week there are a lot of new stories about how climate change is affecting the planet，or new plans to battle its effects.But the concept itself isn't new at all—in fact，scientists have been exploring questions about climate change for almost 200 years.
The idea of “greenhouse gases” goes back to 1824，when Joseph Fourier wondered what was regulating the earth's temperature.Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid.As light shines through the glass，the inside gets warmer as the lid traps the heat.As Fourier's ideas spread，it came to be called “the greenhouse effect”．
Scientists continued to study the greenhouse effect.Not until a Swedish chemist named Svante Arrhenius came along，did scientists understand how global warming actually works.After years of work，Arrhenius determined that the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere did in fact have a direct effect on global temperatures. Arrhenius found that CO2，and other gases trap radiation，which warms the atmosphere.Arrhenius was the first to suspect that burning coal could contribute to the greenhouse effect.But Arrhenius welcomed the warming effect on the planet.At a lecture later that year，Arrhenius noted that creatures of a warmer earth “might live under a milder sky and in less barren surroundings”．
While Arrhenius' findings won him the 1903 Nobel Prize in chemistry，scientists kept debating whether the greenhouse effect was increasing until 1950，when researchers finally began to find strong data supporting it.By the end of the 1950s，American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long－term consequences of climate change.Climate change research has come a long way since Fourier first described the greenhouse effect－still，maybe Arrhenius should have been more
1
careful of what he wished for.
【文章大意】 本文主要讲述了科学家们对气候变化的众多探索。200年来科学家们一直在探索气候变化的问题。温室效应这个观点的提出可以追溯到1824年。瑞典化学家Arrhenius是第一位质疑燃烧煤会增加温室效应的人，并且在1903年获得诺贝尔化学奖。
1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The atmosphere. B．The greenhouse effect. C．The climate change. D．The heat from the sun.
【答案】 A 词义猜测题。根据第二段Fourier concluded that the atmosphere must be responsible for containing the heat absorbed from the sun and described it as a box with a glass lid：得知科学家Fourier得出结论大气层要为保存太阳发向地球的热量负责，把大气层描述成一个带着玻璃盖子的盒子。故选A。
2．When did the scientists find evidence for the bad effect of global warming? A．In 1903. C．200 years ago.
B．In 1950.
D．By the end of 1950s.
【答案】 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段By the end of the 1950s，American scientists had been sounding the alarm on the long－term consequences of climate change.得知到20世纪50年代美国科学家们才发现全球变暖的危害。故选D。 3．What's the author's attitude towards Arrhenius' wish? A．Positive. C．Supportive.
B．Indifferent. D．Opposed.
【答案】 D 推理判断题。根据最后一段still，maybe Arrhenius should have been more careful of what he wished for.得知作者对瑞典化学家Arrhenius的观点持有反对意见。故选D。
4．What's the main idea of the text? A．Causes of climate change. B．Effects of greenhouse gases.
2
C．Explorations on climate change. D．Findings about global warming.
【答案】 C 主旨大意题。根据全文内容得知本文主要讲述了科学家们对气候变化的众多探索。故选C。 B
(2019·安阳模拟)You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world's temperature.But，rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation (撤离) of an island nation—the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.
During the 20th century，sea level rose 8—12 inches.As a result，Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the country's drinking water.
Paani Laupepa，a Tuvaluan government official，reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions，which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreements the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years，” Laupepa told the BBC.
Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries，Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的) to rising sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon，president of the Maldives，told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”．
【语篇解读】 本文主要讲述的是全球变暖导致海平面上升，让一些海洋中的岛国深受其害。呼吁我们对此采取措施。
3
5．The text is mainly about ________. A．rapid changes in earth's temperature B．bad effects of global warming C．moving of a country to a new place D．reasons for lowland flooding
【答案】 B 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world's temperature But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation(撤离)of an island nation—the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.说明全球变暖不仅仅是温度升高；而且海平面的上升更是让很多的岛国都遇见了很大的困难，故B项正确。 6．According to scientists the direct cause of more and fiercer storms is ________. A．greenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nations B．higher surface water temperatures of the sea C．continuous global warming D．rising sea levels
【答案】 B 细节题。根据第三段最后2行Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.说明表层海水的温度升高是主要的问题，故B正确。 7．Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not ________. A．agree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions B．sign an agreement with Tuvalu C．allow Tuvaluans to move to the US D．believe the problems facing Tuvalu were real
【答案】 A 细节题。根据第四段前4行Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions(导致温室效应的气体排放)，which are a main cause of global warming.说明他对美国政府不满意的原因是美国拒绝签署京都协议。故A正确。 8．The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is ________.
4
A．Australia C．the Maldives
B．New Zealand D．the United States
【答案】 C 细节题。根据文章最后一段Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable (易受影响的)to rising sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon，president of the Maldives，told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”．说明Maldives这个国家和Tuvalu遇见了相似的难题。故C项正确。 Ⅱ.完形填空
Imagine you are a girl.You may __1__ know what goes through your head when a __2__ grabs you from behind and __3__ you from a path and into a park，holding a knife to your throat.
I do，however，know __4__ it feels like to be that girl.I know the shock and terror that goes through the mind __5__ a man attacks her，hitting her in the face，trying to subdue(制服)her.I know __6__ it happened to me in May，while walking down a street in Hunters Hill.
The __7__ was after a friend's birthday celebration，following a day at
university.The park where the attack __8__ was a park where I have walked my dog.It was directly opposite a girls' high school.
Fortunately I __9__ to the attack by keeping calm.I fought the man __10__ by screaming and scratching(抓挠)．I can say without a __11__ that the self－defence course I took in high school eight years ago __12__ me to escape without being hurt.The selfdefence course taught me I had the right to fight back.By __13__ and role－playing the situation in advance，I had __14__ to refer to. About 100,000 Australian women __15__ sexual attack every year.If schools __16__ as much time teaching young women to __17__ themselves as they do teaching resuscitation(使人复苏)，perhaps these statistics would be __18__. In talking about the attack，I __19__ want to argue in favour of the value of learning self－defence.These self－defence courses are just as __20__ as courses in road safety and resuscitation.
5
【语篇解读】 本文是夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己遭遇暴力胁迫的经历，极力强调学校开设女生自卫课程的意义，大声呼吁学校要对广大女学生进行自卫教育。
1．A.never B．ever C．forever
D．however
【答案】 A 与第二段第一句中I know及转折词however对应，选A合适。 2．A.thief C．robber
B．man D．prisoner
【答案】 B 由第二段第二句中．...a man attacks her...可知选B。 3．A.takes C．drags
B．pushes D．hits
【答案】 C 这里是设想一个犯罪场景，与grabs，holding a knife to your throat对应，自然是drags合理，意为“用力拖、拽”。hits不能同from a path，into a park搭配，故D不可选。 4．A.when C．why
B．how D．what
【答案】 D 这里指“我”的确知道作为那个女孩子感觉是什么样的。 5．A.before C．as
B．after D．until
【答案】 C 这里是as引导时间状语从句。 6．A.so C．so that
B．because D．because of
【答案】 B 这里是because引导原因状语从句。 7．A.attcak C．fight
B．conflict D．event
【答案】 A 上下文都出现了attack一词，也是全文的关键词之一。event通常指“重大的事件”，与文章情境不符。 8．A.took place C．took control
B．took the place D．took charge
6
【答案】 A 攻击是发生在“我”遛过狗的公园。B、C、D分别意为“取代，代替”；“控制”；“负责”，与句意不符。 9．A.replied C．pointed
B．objected D．responded
【答案】 D 面对攻击，“我”的反应是保持冷静。respond to“对某事作出回应、答复”。 10．A.off C．down
B．out D．back
【答案】 A “我”又抓又叫，使他没有得逞。fight sb.off“击退，阻止”；fight back“还击”，后接宾语要用fight back against sb./sth.；fight down“抑制住，不流露”；fight out“决出胜负，辩论出结果”，B、C、D均不符合文意。 11．A.consideration C．doubt
B．hesitation D．trouble
【答案】 C “我”敢肯定地说“我”上高中时所学的自卫课程帮了“我”大忙，使“我”免受伤害。表示“毫无疑问”可以说without doubt，也可以说without a doubt；consideration“思索”或hesitation“犹豫”在此处不准确，且其前也不可用不定冠词。 12．A.taught C．protected
B．helped D．told
【答案】 B 此处．...to escape without being hurt.表示结果，与teach搭配起来不合逻辑；protect用于protect sb.(from)doing sth.结构；told没有helped贴切，故B正确。
13．A.reporting about B．talking about C．knowing about
D．worrying about
【答案】 B 这里指在课堂上，学生们讨论这一情景，再分角色模拟这一情景。
14．A.rights C．knowledge
B．books D．strength
【答案】 C 这里指通过自卫课程，“我”学到了关于这一方面的知识。 15．A.hear
B．witness
7
C．solve D．experience
【答案】 D 在澳大利亚，每年大约有10万女性会遭受到性侵。只有D能表示“遭受”这一含义。 16．A.needed C．used
B．took D．spent
【答案】 D 本题为spend time doing sth.结构。句意为：如果学校用来教育年轻女孩自卫的时间跟他们来培训(急救)复苏的时间一样多的话。 17．A.improve C．respect
B．love D．defend
【答案】 D 此处作者讲述的是self－defence course，故D正确。 18．A.acceptable C．different
B．large D．stable
【答案】 C 如果是这样的话，这些数据可能会大不一样。作者的意思是遭受到性侵的妇性会大大减少。A、B、D与作者的意思相矛盾。 19．A.particularly C．easily
B．hopefully D．generally
【答案】 A 通过把“我”的这次经历讲出来，“我”特别想表示支持自卫教育有重大价值这一说法。从文章第三段开始，这一直就是作者所强调的问题，故选A“格外，特别”，以示强调。 20．A.interesting C．important
B．perfect D．normal
【答案】 C 上句谈到the value of learning self－defence，上文作者又结合自身经历谈到了自卫课程起到的作用，故此处意为“这些自卫课程的确同公路安全课程和复苏课程一样重要”。 Ⅲ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
8
删除：把多余的词用(\\)划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
(2018·开封市5月模拟)Last week，when we learned the new word “slovenly”，we asked to make a sentence with it.I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is a slovenly girl who clothes never fit her.”Hearing this，a whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate face turned red.After class，I learned up from the teachr that my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadn't been helped with others.My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.Not until then do I realize words could be powerfully in both positive and negative ways.We should avoid hurt others if our words are not encouraging. 【答案】
Last week，when we learned the new word “slovenly”，we ∧ asked to make a
were
sentence with it.I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is a slovenly girl
chlothes never fit her.”Hearing this，a whole class burst into laughter and
the
my face turned red.After class，I learned from the teacher that
my deskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadn't been helped
others.My mindless words must have hurt deeply.Not until then I realize
words could be in both positive and negative ways.We should avoid
others if our words are not encouraging. Ⅳ.书面表达
9
(2016·天津卷)假设你是晨光中学的学生会主席李津。一批来自英国的高中生与你校学生开展了为期两周的交流活动。现在，他们即将回国，你将在欢送会上致辞。请根据以下提示写一篇发言稿。
(1)回顾双方的交流活动(如学习、生活、体育、文艺等方面)； (2)谈谈收获或感情； (3)表达祝愿与期望。 注意：
(1)词数不少于100；
(2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实，行文连贯； (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear friends， How time flies！
______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
10
Thank you. 【参考范文】 Dear friends，
How time flies！I am Li Jin，president of Student Union of Chenguang Middle School.It's my great privilege to be here，sharing this moment with our fellow friends from the Great Britain.During the two－week activities，we surely exchanged our ideas on learning，ways of life，PE and cultures.One of the highlights was the sports meeting where we competed with each other in the basketball match.
The past two weeks witnessed our growth and friendship.It is not only your enthusiasm but also your teamwork and good spirits that impress us.After the two－week exchange activities，we now have a better understanding of each other on a whole new level.Now I sincerely hope our friendship lasts forever.Wish you all the best!
Thank you.
11
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容