小升初英语语法总结+练习题及答案
1、人称代词
主格： I we you she he it they 宾格： me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词：my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词： mine ours yours hers his its theirs
一；用适当的代词填空。
1.Is that car yours? Yes, it is ______. 2.How is Mr Li? _______is fine, thanks.
3.Put on______ hat! I am going to put it on. 4.Who is that over here? It is_______.
5.The old man lives by ______. 6.I am sure I can do it all by _______.
7.Look,is this room beautiful? I painted it _____. 8.I’d like to go for a walk. ______ too.
9.What are ______jobs? They are students. 10.We think to _________.
11.Mary is old enough to take care of ______. 12.It is perfume, I made it __________.
13.Look at ____. She is very well. 14.Can you carry this box upstairs by _______. 15.You and she did very well in the test.
The teacher said that he would praise _____ and______.
16.The story ______was very good, but you are did not tell it well. 17.Give Jane this watch.. Give______ this one too. 18.Sara is not pleased with ______in this English test. 19.Did you enjoy _______at the party yesterday? 20.She wants to buy a car of _____own. 二：选择填空.
1. Mr. More has more money than Mr. Little . But he doesn’t enjoy _______. A. he B. him C. his D. himself
2. Lily was 9 years old. _____ was old enough to go to school ________. A. She , she B. She , herself C. Her, herself D. Her. she 3. Jim’s watch is much newer than _________.
A. hers B.she C. her D. herself 4.Would you like _____for super?
A: something Chinese B：Chinese something C: anything Chinese D: Chinese anything
5.______ piano is too old ,but she still liked playing it.
A. She B. She’s C. Hers D. Her 6.Who taught you English last year? Nobody taught me . I taught ______.
A. me B. myself C. mine D. I 7.That bike is _________?
A．he B. him C. his D. it 8. We bought ______ a present, but _______ didn”t like it. A. they, them B. them , they C. themselves , their D. theirs, they
答案： 1. mine 2. he 3. your 4. her 5. here 6. myself 7. myself 8. me 9. those
10. ourselves 11. herself 12. myself 13. her
14. yourself 15. you, her 16. you made 17. her
18. her results 19. yourself 20. her 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. B
2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc (2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc.
(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc. (4) 把y变i，再+er heavier, earlier (5) 不规则变化：
well-better, much/many-more, etc. 3.可数词的复数形式
一、名词复数规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数：
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children
foot-feet,.tooth-teeth
fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______ watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______
man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice___________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea__________
4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变) bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
6 冠词
冠词的定义
冠词是置于名词之前，对名词起限制作用的一种虚词。
冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。
冠词的分类
冠词分为不定冠词\"a，an\"、定冠词\"the\"和零冠词三种，零冠词指的是不用冠词 的情况。
不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指。 不定冠词的用法-1
不定冠词有\"a和an\"两种形式。\"a\"用在以辅音开头的词前，\"an\"用在以元音 开头的词前。判断一个词是以元音开头还是以辅音开头，是根据读音而不是 根据字母。
1. 用于可数名词的单数形式前，表示\"一\" There is a tiger in the zoo. 动物园里有一只老虎。
2. 表示一类人和东西 A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎可能有危害性。
3. 表示\"某一个\"的意思
A gentleman wants to see you. 有一位先生要见你。
4. 表示\"同一\"的意思 They are nearly of an age. 他们几乎同岁。
The two shirts are much of a size. 这两件衬衫大小差不多。
5. 表示\"每一\"的意思
We go swimming four times a week. 我们每周去游泳四次。
6. 用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业 My mother is a teacher.
我妈妈是教师。
7. 第一次提到的人或事物，但不特别指明是哪一个
Long long ago there was an old king who had a very beautiful daughter. 很久很久以前，有一个年老的国王，他有一个非常美丽的女儿。
8. 在英国英语中，以\"h\"开头的多音节词，如第一个音节不重读，其前亦可用\"an\" There is an hotel near here. 这附近有一家旅馆。
9. 在such a，quite a句式中 He is quite a good actor. 他是一个相当好的演员。 Don't be in such a hurry. 不要如此匆忙。
10. 在感叹句 what...的句式中 What a pretty girl she is!
她是一个多么漂亮的女孩呀！ 不定冠词的用法-2
用在某些表示数量的词组中： a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多
a dozen 一打（但也可以用 one dozen） a great deal of 大量
定冠词的用法-1
1. 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物 This is the house where Luxun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。
2. 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物 Open the door, please. 请把门打开。
3. 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”） Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals to look for food for him.
从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前 January is the first month of the year.
一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 Shanghai is the biggest city in China. 上海是中国最大的城市。
5. 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物 the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 the earth 地球 the sky 天空 the world 世界
6. 指由普通名词构成的专有名词
the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城
the United States 美国 the United Nations 联合国
定冠词的用法-2
7. 表示方向、方位
in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部 at the top 在顶部 on the right 在右边 on the left 在左边
8. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Huanghe River 黄河
the Tainshan Mountains 天山山脉 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡
9. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人
The Bakers came to see me yesterday. 贝克一家人昨天来看我。
10. 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物 the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 the sick 病人 the wounded 伤员
the good 好人 the beautiful 美丽的事物
11. 用在表示阶级、政党的名词前 the working class 工人阶级
the Chinese Communist Party 中国共产党
12. 用在the very强调句中 This is the very book I want. 这就是我想要的那本书。
13. 在the more, the more比较级的句式中 The more you drink, the more you like it.
你越喝就越爱喝。
14. 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加the play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
15. 某些固定的表达法
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏 all the year round 一年到头 on the way to 前往...去的路上
16. the加单数可数名词可以表示一类人或事物 The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。
注意：像这类句子还有如下两种写法 A horse is a useful animal. Horses are useful animals.
零冠词的用法
1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词 China 中国 Europe 欧洲
Lei Feng 雷锋 William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚
2. 月份、周日、节日前一般不加冠词 January 一月份 Sunday 星期日
Christmas Day 圣诞节 Thanksgiving 感恩节 National Day 国庆节 May Day 劳动节 比较： ...on a Sunday morning.
在一个星期天的早晨... （表示某一个。）
3.三餐、四季前一般不加冠词
I have lunch at school. 我在学校吃午餐。
Summer is the best season for swimming. 夏天是游泳的好季节。
比较： I had a big lunch yesterday.
昨天我吃了一顿丰盛的午餐。（表示某一个） The dinner given by Mr Smith was very nice.
史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指）
比较： I will never forget the summer we spent in Hawaii. 我永远不会忘记我们一起在夏威夷度过的那个夏天。 （表示特指）
4.进行球类运动
play basketball 打篮球 play volleyball 打排球 play football 踢足球
5. 没有特指的物质名词 This cart is made of wood. 这辆手推车是用木头作的。
比较： The wood outside was all wet. 外面的那些木头都湿了。（表示特指）
6. 没有特指的不可数抽象名词 Time is precious. 时间是宝贵的。
比较： The time of the play was 1990s.
这个剧本的时代背景是二十世纪九十年代。（表示特指）
7. 没有特指的可数名词复数形式后。 I like tomatoes. 我喜欢西红柿。
8. 山峰
Mount Qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰
9. 固定词组
go to school 去上学 go to bed 上床睡觉 go by train 乘火车去 go by boat 乘船去 at table 在用餐 in hospital 住院 at school 求学 in school 求学 at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at midnight 在半夜 in town 在城里
10. 独立结构中的名词不加冠词 A boy came in, book in hand. 一个男孩进来，手上拿着书。
11. 泛指人类 Man is mortal. 人必有一死。
12. 在\"kind of＋名词 sort of＋名词\"句式中 What kind of flower is it? 这是什么花？
I like this sort of book. 我喜欢这种书。
13. 指职位、头衔的词，如king，captain，president，chairman 等。 He is (the) captain of the team. 他是球队的队长。
As (the) chairman of the committee, I declare the meeting open. 作为委员会主席，我宣布会议开始。
冠词和三餐的搭配
三餐名词单独使用时，之前通常不加冠词 三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外：
We have breakfast at eight． 我们8点钟吃早饭。
He gave us a good breakfast． 他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。
I was invited to dinner． 他们邀请我吃饭。
I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador． 我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。
The Scots have porridge for breakfast． 苏格兰人早餐吃粥。
The wedding breakfast was held in her father’s house． 婚礼早宴是在她父亲家举行的。
介词短语与冠词 一.
at table 在进餐
at the table 在桌子旁边 at desk 在读书
at the desk 在课桌旁 at school 在上学
at the school 在学校里
in class 在上课
in the class 在班级里面 in bed 卧床
in the bed 在床上 in prison 坐牢
in the prison （因事）在监狱 in hospital 住院
in the hospital （因事）在医院 go to school 去上学
go to the school （因事）去学校 go to bed 上床睡觉 go to the bed 在床上 go to hospital 去看病 go to the hospital 去医院 二.
take place 发生 take the place 代替 in place of 代替
in the place of 在...的地方 in case of 万一
in the case of 就...来说 out of question 毫无疑问
out of the question 完全不可能 通常使用不定冠词的短语 after a while 过了一会儿 all of a sudden 突然 as a rule 通常
as a result 结果，因此 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a whole 大体上 at a loss 不知所措 in a hurry 急忙
in a way 在某种程度上 in a word 总而言之
It’s a pity that… 令人遗憾的是… put an end to… 结束… come to an end 结束
come to a conclusion 得出结论 have a good time 玩得愉快 have a rest 休息一下 have a cold 感冒
have a word with 和…谈一谈 keep an eye for 对…有鉴赏力
make a living 谋生 make a fire 生火 make a fool of 愚弄 take a walk 散步
2. 冠词的练习
Choose the best answer （选择最佳答案）:
1. There is _______ house in the picture. There is ________old woman near_________house.
A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an
2. He has already worked for ______ hour. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填
3. Alice is fond of playing ______ piano. A. the B. an C. a D. 不填
4. Beyond ____ stars, the astronaut saw nothing but _____space. A. 不填；the B. the ; the C. 不填，不填 D. the; 不填
5. ______ terrible weather we`ve been having these days! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What
6.------ Where is Jack? ------ I think he is still in ______ bed, but he might just be in ______bathroom.
A. 不填；不填 B. the; the C. the;不填 D. 不填; the
7.When do you have _____breakfast every day? A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
8. Many people are still in _____ habit of writing silly things in ______public places. A. the ; 不填 B. 不填 ; the C. the ; the D. 不填; 不填 二．精讲精练：不熟练的语法点的回顾
代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。 代词可分以下九类：
1.人称代词 主格（在句中作主语）有： I , you, he, she, it, we, you, they 宾格（在句中作宾语）有：me, you, him, her, it, us, you , them
2. 物主代词 形容词性的物主代词（作定语）有：my, your, his , her, its, our, your ,their
名词性的物主代词（作主语、表语，宾语）有：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
3. 反身代词（自身代词）有 myself, herself, themselves等。 4. 相互代词有：each other, one another
5. 提示代词有：this , that , these , those , those
6. 疑问代词（用来引导特殊疑问句）有 who, what, whose 等。 7. 关系代词（用来引导定语从句）有which, that, who 等。
8. 连接代词（用来引导名词性从句）有：what, who, whose等。 9. 不定代词 有:all, each, both, either, neither, one, any 等。
10. 不定代词 指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。 下面列出部分不定代词的用法比较：
1.both和all ： both 指两者，all 指三者以上。 Both of the answers are right.两个答案都对。 All the answers are correct. 所有的答案都对。
2.every和each： every指至少三个，强调共性，each 可指小到两个，强调个体。 Every room is clean and tidy. 每一个房间都很整洁。 Each student may try twice. 每个学生可以试两次。
3.either 和neither 都是谈两个人或物：
Either of the answers is right. 两个答案都对。（either指两者当中任意一个） Neither of the answers is right.两个答案都不对。（neither指两者都不是）
4. some 和any some 一般用于肯定句中，而any用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中：
Are there any stamps in the drawer?抽屉里有邮票吗？ Yes, there are some. 是的，有一些。
◆ 注意，当某些疑问句表示请求、建议等肯定意义时，用some不用any: Would you like some tea? 想喝点茶吗？
5. no one 和none : no one 仅指人，none 可指人或物。 No one failed in the examination. 考试没有人不及格。
None of the students failed in the examination. 没有一个学生考试不及格。 ----Have you any string?你有绳子吗？ ----No, I have none.没有。 代词的练习
一.填空
1. This bike is my sister`s. It belongs to ______ (她的)。 2. This isn`t my book. _______(我的) is in the bag. 3. They quarrelled among __________（他们）. 4. You and I understand _________(彼此) perfectly.
5. If there are ____（一些） new magazines in the library, take some for me. 二．单项选择
1. ______ writer is better know in China, Charles Dickens or Mark Twain? A. Which B. What C. Either D. Whether
2. They were all very tired, but _____ of them would stop to have a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither
3. Kate and her sister went on holiday with a cousin of ______. A. their B. theirs C. them D. themselves
4. ----Is ________ here? ---- No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. Somebody C. everybody D. nobody
5. We couldn`t eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had _______ money on us. A. all; no B. any; no C. none; any C. no one ; any 【参考答案】
一填空：1.her 2.mine 3.themselves 4. each other 5. any 二单项选择：1.A 2.C 3. B 4. C 5.C 6. a/an
a book, a peach an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind. 表示时间： at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter 8. 基数词和序数词
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth 9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom. Do you have any brothers or sisters? 10. be 动词
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small. My hair is(not) long.
（3）一般疑问句： Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 11. there be 结构
肯定句： There is a …
There are …
一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t. Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t. 否定句： There isn’t …. There aren’t…. 12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don’t sit down, please. 13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”. 形式： be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework. You/We/They are(not) reading. He/She/It is(not) eating. 动词 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming 一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson . 6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music. 9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now 10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3．I’m playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)
_________________________________________________________________ 4．Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)
14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 形式： 肯定句：
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day. 一般疑问句:
Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 否定句： We don’t go to school on Sundays. My mother doesn’t like watching TV in the evening. 1. be动词的变化。
否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。 如：-Are you a student?
-Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike? 2.行为动词的变化。
否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：
I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如： He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如： - Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：
- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work? 动词+s的变化规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2．以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
一般现在时用法专练:
一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ 二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One. 3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______(do) your homework well. 15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _______(be) it today? － It’s Saturday.三、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________ 2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
___________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ___________________________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.(改为否定句)
_______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.(改为否定句)
___________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________________ 8. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)
___________________________________________________ 9. She is always a good student.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答) ________________________________________________________
10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改为否定句) ___________________________________________________ 五、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English? __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing? __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________ 5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________ 15. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。 eg:
1. I / He / She / They can sing.
2．You should keep quiet in the library. 16. 一般过去时态
（a） be 动词的过去式:
I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were…. 一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。 （b） 动词过去式：
肯定句： I watched cartoons.
She visited the zoo.
一般疑问句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn’t. Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn’t. 否定句： They didn’t go the the part yesterday. He didn’t make model ships last week. (3)动词过去式的变化： 规则动词的变化：
Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。 Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。
Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped 不规则动词的变化：
is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/ eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等
将来时
一、概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。
二、基本结构：①be going to + do；
②will+ do.
三、否定句：在be动词（am, is, are）后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。 例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any, and改为or，第一二人称互换。
例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。 1. 问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2. 问干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this
afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3. 问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
六、同义句：be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 练习： 填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.
What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball. 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果。
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going to listen to music after school.（对划线部分提问） ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow 感叹句
由感叹词what引导的感叹句。
what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：
1. What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！如： What an apple this is! What a fine day it is!
2. What+(形容词）+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！ What kind women they are! What nice music it is! 由How引导的感叹句。
how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！
How hard the worker are working! How clever the girl is!
How quickly the boy is writing!
注意：当how修饰动词时，动词不跟着感叹词提到主语之前。
How the runner runs!
what与how引导的感叹句，一般情况下可以相互转换，转换后意义不变。如：
What an interesting story it is!==How interesting the story is! what a beautiful bulding it is!==How beautiful the building is! 在口语中，感叹句的主语和谓语常常省略。如： What a nice present!（省略it is）
How disappointed!（省略she is或其它可作本句主、谓的词语） 用法
感叹句多以how或what引导，但在口语中，还有一些特殊的感叹句表达形式。
1．以副词here, there, in开头的感叹句。 Here comes the bus! 公共汽车来了！ There they are! 他们在那儿呢！ 2．以疑问词who开头，表示惊奇。
Who else will read such a book! 谁还会读这样的书！ 3．以情态动词may开头，表示愿望。 May you both be happy! 祝二位幸福。 May you succeed! 祝你成功！
4．否定疑问句用作感叹句时，它的意义是肯定的；但肯定疑问句用作感叹句在美国英语中比较常见。
Aren’t they sweet! 他们多可爱啊！ Am I hungry! 我饿极了！ 5．一些短语用作感叹句。
Dear me! 哎呀！ My goodness! 嗳呀！ None of your nonsense! 不要胡说了！ 6．一些作表语的成分用作感叹句。 Just my luck! 又倒霉了！
Sorry, my mistake! 对不起，是我的错！ 感叹句如何变为间接引语
直接引语是感叹句时，若要变作间接引语，通常用引述动词tell, exclaim等。如：
■ “What a brave boy you are!” she told him. “你是一个多么勇敢的男孩子啊!”她告诉他说。
→She told him what a brave boy he wag. 她告诉他说他是一个多么勇敢的男孩子。
■He said, “Hurrah! My friend is come.” 他说道，“乌拉!我的朋友来了。”
→He exclaimed with delight that his friend had come. 他欢呼他的朋友来了。(引述动词用exclaim, 并加状语with delight) 当然，也可用其他一些引述动词。如：
■He said, “Alas! How foolish I have been!” 他说道，“哎，我多傻啊!”
→He confessed with regret that he had been very foolish. 他痛悔地承认他太傻了。(引述动词用confess加状语with regret)
■“What a crime he has committed!” she said. “他犯了多大的罪啊!”她说道。
→She didn’t know what a crime he had committed. 她不知道他犯了那么大的罪。(引述动词用know的否定式)
有时也可以不用引述动词，如：
■“How fast she can run!” he says. “她竞能跑得那样快!”他说道。 →It’s incredible how fast she can run. 她跑得如此之快令人不可置信。(用it’s incredible表示说话人的神情)
■He said to them all, “Good-bye, my friends!” 他对他们说道，“再见，我的朋友们!”
→He bade good-bye to all his friends. 他向他的所有朋友道别。(这里连间接引语也没有了)
相关语法
关于感叹句 what 和 how 的区别： 一、 由\"what\"引导的感叹句：\"what\"意为\"多么\"用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分），单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an,复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是： what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语+(it is).
如： ① What a clever girl she is! 多么聪明的姑娘呀！
二、由\"how\"引导的感叹句：\"how\"意为\"多么\"，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分）。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果how修饰副词，则句中的谓语动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是：
How+adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语+(it is). 如：① How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！
三、在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用\"what\"引导，也可用\"how\"引导。如：
① What a hot day it is! How hot the day is !
四、感叹句在表示激动强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。
如：① What a fine day! 多么晴朗的天呀！ 感叹句练习：（当场做或家庭作业） Question:
( A )1._______a clever boy he is ! A. What B. How C. What’s ( B )2._______she dances!
A. How good B. How well C. What well ( B )3._______quiet the park is! A. What a B. How C. How a ( B )4._____his father works!
A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful ( B )5._____noisy they are making! A. What B. How C. How a ( B )6.______delicious soup! A. How B. What C. What a ( A )7.______heavy snow! A. What a B. What C. How ( B )8.____old bike Li Lei is riding! A. What a B. What an C. How ( C )9.______exciting moment it is! A. How B. How an C. What an ( A )10.______supper we’re having today!
A. What a delicious B. How delicious C. What delicious ( C )11.________fine weather it is today! A. How B. What a C. What
( C )12._____fast the boys are running! A. What B. What a C. How ( A )13._______the mooncakes are!
A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious ( B )14.____surprising news it is! A. How B. What C. What a ( A )15.____time we’re having today!
A. What a good B. How good C. What good ( )16._______I miss you ! A. What B. How C. How do ( )17.Look! ______beautiful that lake is! A. How B. What C. What a ( )18. ________ slowly Tom runs! A. How B. What C. What a ( )19._____lovely the snow looks! A. What B. How C. What a ( )20.________useful information it is! A. What an B. How C. What ( )21._______beautiful flowers they are! A. How B. What C. What a ( )22._______lovely a girl she is! A. What B. How C. What a ( )23._______they love their country! A. What B. How C. What a ( )24._______long hair she has! A. What a B. What C. How
( )25._______beautiful music we are listening to! A. How B. What a C. What ( )26._______exciting a football match it is!
A. What B. How C. What an
( )27._______hard-working Chinese people! A. How B. What C. How do ( )28._______a lovely view! A. Is it B. Isn’t it C. Aren’t they ( )29._______time they had yesterday!
A. How wonderful B. What wonderful C. What a wonderful ( )30.______worried they looked! A. What B. How C. How are
Answers: 1---5 ABBBB 6---10 BABCA 11---15 CCABA 16---20 BAABC 21---25 BBBBC 26—30 BBBCB
What问句（时间太紧张，不能在课堂上讲的就带回家看，有问题再辅导） 1 问年龄和名字
1, ----What’s your name? ----你叫什么名字？ ----My name is ________. ----我叫……。 2, ----How old are you? ----你几岁了？ ----I’m 12. ----我十二岁。
II 询问颜色。
1, ----What colour is it? ----它是什么颜色的？ ---It’s yellow and white. ----黄白相间。
2, ----What colour are they? ----它们是什么颜色的？ ----They’re green. ----绿色的。
III 询问数量或价钱。
1, ----How many kites can you see? ----你可以看见几只风筝？ ----I can see 12. ----我可以看见十二只风筝。 2, ----How many crayons do you have? ----你有多少支彩笔？ ----I have 16. ----我有十六支。 3, ----How many people are there in your family? ----你家有几口人？ ----Three. ----三口人。
4,----How much is this dress? ----这条连衣裙多少钱？ ----It’s ninety-nine yuan. ----九十九元。 5, ----How much are these apples? ----这些苹果多少钱？ ----They’re thirty-five yuan. ----三十五元。 IV 询问时间或日期。
1, ----What time is it now? ----现在几点钟？ ----It’s nine o’clock.. It’s time for English class. ----九点。该上英语课了。 (----It’s eight o’clock. It’s time to go to bed.) （----八点。该上床睡觉了。） 2, ----What day is it today? ----今天星期几？ ----It’s Monday. ----星期一。
(----What do we have on Mondays? （----我们星期一上哪些课？ ----We have Chinese, English, math …) ----语文、英语、数学……） 3, ----When is your birthday? ----你的生日是什么时候？ ----It’s October 1st, our National Day. ----十月一日，国庆节。 4, ----When do you do morning exercises? ----你们什么时候做早锻炼？
----I usually do morning exercises at 8:30. ----我们通常8：30做早锻炼。
V 询问方位或地方。
1, ----Where is my toy car? ----我的玩具汽车在哪儿？ ----It’s here, under the chair. ----在这儿，在椅子下面。 2, ----Where is the canteen? ----餐厅在哪儿？ ----It’s on the first floor. ----在一楼。 3, ----Where are the keys? ----钥匙在哪儿？
----They’re in the door. ----在门上。
4, ----Excuse me. Where is the library, please? ----对不起，请问图书馆在哪儿？ ----It’s near the post office. ----在邮局附近。 5, ----Where are you from? ----你从哪儿来？ ----I’m from China. ----我从中国来。
6, ----Where does the rain come from? ----雨是从哪儿来的？ ----It comes from the clouds. ----它是从云层里来的。
VI 询问想吃的东西。
1, ----What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ? ----你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么？
----I’d like some bread and milk / rice and soup. ----我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。
2, ----What’s for breakfast / lunch / dinner? ----早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？ ----Hamburgers and orange juice. ----汉堡包和橙汁。
VII 询问天气状况。
1, ----What’s the weather like in Beijing? ----北京的天气如何？ ----It’s rainy today. How about New York? ----今天是雨天。纽约呢？ ----It’s sunny and hot. ----今天是晴天，天气很热。
VIII 询问身体状况或情绪。
1, ----How do you feel? ----你感觉如何？ ----I feel sick. ----我觉得不舒服。 2, ----What’s the matter? ----怎么了？ ----My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat. ----我的喉咙疼。
3, ----How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. ----你好吗，莎拉？你看起来这么伤心。
----I failed the math test. ----我的数学考试没有通过。
IX 询问职业、身份或人物。
1, ----What’s your father / mother? ----你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的？ ---He’s a doctor. / She’s a teacher. ----他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教师。 2,----What does you mother / father do? ----你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的？ ----She’s a TV reporter. / He’s a teacher. He teaches English. ----她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。
3, ----Who’s that man / woman? ----那位男士 / 女士是谁？
----He’s my father. / She’s my mother. ----他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。 4, ----Who’s this boy / girl? ----那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁？ ----He’s my brother. / She’s my sister. ----他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。 5, ----Who’s your art teacher? ----你们的美术老师是谁？ ----Miss Wang. ----王老师。 ----What’s she like? ----她长什么样儿？ ----She’s young and thin. ----她很年轻、苗条。 X 询问兴趣、喜好。
1, ----What’s your favourite food / drink? ----你最喜欢的食物 / 饮料是什么？
----Fish / orange juice. ----鱼。 / 橙汁。
2, ----What’s your favourite season? ----你最喜欢的季节是什么？ ----Winter. ----冬天。
(----Which season do you like best? （----你最喜欢哪个季节？ ----Winter.) ----冬天。） ---Why do you like winter? ----你为什么喜欢冬天？ ----Because I can make a snowman. ----因为可以堆雪人。 3, ----What’s your hobby? ----你的爱好是什么？ ----I like collecting stamps. ----我喜欢集邮。 ----What’s his hobby? ----他的爱好是什么？ ---He likes riding a bike. ----他喜欢骑自行车。 4, ----Do you like peaches? ----你喜欢吃桃子吗？ ----Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. ----喜欢。/ 不喜欢。 XI 询问平时一般或通常做的事情。
1, ----What do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? ----你星期六 / 周末一般做什么？
----I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football. ----我通常做作业，有时候踢足球。
XII 询问正在做的事情。
1, ----What are you doing? ----你在做什么？ ----I’m doing the dishes. ----我在洗盘子。
2, ----What’s your father doing? ----你父亲正在做什么？ ----He’s writing an e-mail. ----他正在写电子邮件。 3, ---What’s Mike doing? ----迈克正在干什么？ ----He’s watching insects. ----他正在观察昆虫。 4,----What’s the tiger doing? ----那只老虎在干什么？
----It’s running. ----它在奔跑。
5, ----What are the elephants doing? ----那些大象在干什么？ ----They’re drinking. ----它们正在喝水。 XIII 询问将要做的事情。
1, ----What are you going to do? ----你准备做什么？ ----I’m going to the cinema. ----我准备去看电影。 ----When are you going to do? ----你准备什么时候去？ ----This afternoon. ----今天下午。
2, ----Where are you going this afternoon? ----今天下午你准备到哪儿去？
----I’m going to the bookstore. ----我准备到书店去。 ----What are you going to buy? ----你打算买点儿什么？ ----I’m going to buy a comic book. ----我准备买本漫画书。
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