历年大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案

2007年12月全国大学英语四级考试真题和答案

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the

sentences with the information given in the passage.

Universities Branch Out

As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global

integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability.

In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering course of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research

programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.

Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweeping than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2004. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to developed countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergraduate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at America’s best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members at the

top research universities received their graduate education abroad.

Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of 2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in the summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or internship opportunity—and providing the

financial resources to make it possible.

Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves

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sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a research center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghai’s Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory seminars with scientists from both campuses. The arrangement benefits both countries; Xu’s Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get

on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team.

As a result of its strength in science, the United States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure

(基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. the link between university-based science and industrial application is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfully in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university. For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research- university model. Most politicians recognize the link between investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 1998 and 2003, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely kept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent

per year.

American politicians have great difficult recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago, in the wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and the business leaders led to improvements in the process and reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to

international students.

Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nation’s well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and— like

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immigrants throughout history—strengthen the nation; and second, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming international university students.

注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。

1. From the first paragraph we know that present-day universities have become

________.

A) more popularized than ever before B) in-service training organizations C) a powerful force for global integration D) more and more research-oriented 2. Over the past decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased ________.

A) at an annual rate of 8 percent B) at an annual rate of 3.9 percent

C) by 800,000 D) by 2.5 million

3. In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and

engineering are foreign-born? A) 38% B) 10% C) 30% D) 20%

4. How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers?

A) They give them chances for international study or internship. B) They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program. C) They offer them various courses in international politics.

D) They organize a series of seminars on world economy.

5. An example illustrating the general trend of universities’ globalization is

________.

A) Yale’s establishing branch campuses throughout the world B) Yale’s student exchange program with European institutions C) Yale’s helping Chinese universities to launch research projects D) Yale’s collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research.

6. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage? A) It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company. B) It was intentionally created by Stanford University. C) It is where the Internet infrastructure was built up. D) It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. 7. What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research?

A) It has increased by 3 percent. B) It doubled between 1998 and 2003. C) It has been unsteady for years. D) It has been more than sufficient. 8. The dramatic decline in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after

September 11 was caused by ________.

9. Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign

students who will ________.

10. The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very

best of them will stay and ________.

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following

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the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not

use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

As war spreads to many corners of the globe, children sadly have been drawn into the center of conflicts. In Afghanistan, Bosnia, and Colombia, however, groups of children have been taking part in peace education __47__. The children, after learning to resolve conflicts, took on the __48__ of peacemakers. The Children’s Movement for Peace in Colombia was even nominated (提名) for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1998. groups of children __49__ as peacemakers studied human rights and poverty issues in Colombia, eventually forming a group with five other schools in Bogota

known as The Schools of Peace.

The classroom __50__ opportunities for children to replace angry, violent behaviors with __51__, peaceful ones. It is in the classroom that caring and respect for each person empowers children to take a step __52__toward becoming peacemakers. Fortunately, educators have access to many online resources that are __53__ useful when helping children along the path to peace. The Young Peacemakers Club, started in 1992, provides a Website with resources for teachers and __54__ on starting a Kindness Campaign. The World Centers of Compassion for Children International call attention to children’s rights and how to help the __55__ of war. Starting a Peacemakers’ Club is a praiseworthy venture for a class and one that could spread

to other classrooms and ideally affect the culture of the __56__ school.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A) victims I) forward B) technology J) especially C) role K) entire D) respectively L) cooperative E) projects M) comprehensive F) offers N) assuming G) information

O) acting H) images

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied. Yet, despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition she

won last year.

As a writer I know about winning contests, and about losing them. I know what it is like to work hard on a story only to receive a rejection slip from the publisher. I also know the pressure of trying to live up to a reputation created by previous victories. What if she doesn’t win the contest again? That’s the strange thing about being a parent. So many of our own past scars and dashed hopes can surface.

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A revelation (启示) came last week when I asked her, “Don’t you want to win again?” “No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first

grade.”

I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自发地) told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing

it.

Staying back and giving kids space to grow is not as easy as it looks. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting (借用) my daughter’s experience. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough a way to give her room but close enough to help if asked. All the while I will be reminding myself

that children need room to experiment, grow and find their own voices.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57. What do we learn from the first paragraph?

A) A lot of distractions compete for children’s time nowadays. B) Children do find lots of fun in many mindless activities. C) Rebecca is much too occupied to enjoy her leisure time. D) Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing. 58. What did the author say about her own writing experience?

A) She was constantly under pressure of writing more. B) Most of her stories had been rejected by publishers. C) She did not quite live up to her reputation as a writer. D) Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations. 59. Why did Rebecca want to enter this year’s writing contest?

A) She had won a prize in the previous contest. B) She wanted to share her stories with readers. C) She was sure of winning with her mother’s help. D) She believed she possessed real talent for writing.

60. The author took great pains to refine her daughter’s stories because ________.

A) she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dreams of becoming a writer B) she was afraid Rebecca’s imagination might run wild while writing C) she did not want to disappoint Rebecca who needed her help so much D) she believed she had the knowledge and experience to offer guidance

61. What’s the author’s advice for parents?

A) Children should be given every chance to voice their opinions. B) Parents should keep an eye on the activities their kids engage in. C) Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience. D) A writing career, though attractive, is not for every child to pursue.

Passage Two

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Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

By almost any measure, there is a boom in Internet-based instruction. In just a few years, 34 percent of American universities have begun offering some form of distance learning (DL), and among the larger schools, it’s close to 90 percent. If you doubt the popularity of the trend, you probably haven’t heard of the University of Phoenix. It grants degrees entirely on the basis of online instruction. It enrolls 90,000 students, a statistic used to support its claim to be the largest

private university in the country.

While the kinds of instruction offered in these programs will differ, DL usually signifies a course in which the instructors post syllabi (课程大纲), reading assignment, and schedules on Websites, and students send in their assignments by e-mail. Generally speaking, face-to-face communication with an instructor is

minimized or eliminated altogether.

The attraction for students might at first seem obvious. Primarily, there’s the convenience promised by courses on the Net: you can do the work, as they say, in your pajamas (睡衣). But figures indicate that the reduced effort results in a reduced commitment to the course. While dropout rate for all freshmen at American universities is around 20 percent, the rate for online students is 35 percent. Students themselves seem to understand the weaknesses inherent in the setup. In a survey conducted for eCornell, the DL division of Cornell University, less than a third of the respondents expected the quality of the online course to be as good

as the classroom course.

Clearly, from the schools’ perspective, there’s a lot of money to be saved. Although some of the more ambitious programs require new investments in servers and networks to support collaborative software, most DL courses can run on existing or minimally upgraded (升级) systems. The more students who enroll in a course but don’t come to campus, the more school saves on keeping the lights on in the classrooms, paying doorkeepers, and maintaining parking lots. And, while there’s evidence that instructors must work harder to run a DL course for a variety of reasons,

they won’t be paid any more, and might well be paid less.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

62. What is the most striking feature of the University of Phoenix?

A) It boasts the largest number of students on campus.

B) All its courses are offered online. C) Its online courses are of the best quality.

D) Anyone taking its online courses is sure to get a degree.

63. According to the passage, distance learning is basically characterized by

________.

A) a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction B) a considerable flexibility in its academic requirements C) the great diversity of students’ academic backgrounds D) the casual relationship between students and professors

64. Many students take Internet-based courses mainly because they can ________.

A) save a great deal on traveling and boarding expenses B) select courses from various colleges and universities

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C) work on the required courses whenever and wherever D) earn their academic degrees with much less effort

65. What accounts for the high drop-out rates for online students? A) There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort. B) There is no strict control over the academic standards of the courses. C) The evaluation system used by online universities is inherently weak. D) Lack of classroom interaction reduces the effectiveness of instruction. 66. According to the passage, universities show great enthusiasm for DL programs

for the purpose of ________.

A) building up their reputation B) upgrading their teaching facilities C) providing convenience for students D) cutting down on their expenses

Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter

on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

One factor that can influence consumers is their mood state. Mood may be defined __67__ a temporary and mild positive or negative feeling that is generalized and not tied __68__ any particular circumstance. Moods should be __69__ from emotions which are usually more intense, __70__ to specific circumstances, and often conscious. __71__ one sense, the effect of a consumer’s mood can be thought of in __72__ the same way as can our reactions to the __73__ of our friends—when our friends are happy and “up”, that trends to influence us positively, __74__ when they are “down”, that can have a __75__ impact on us. Similarly, consumers operating under a __76__ mood state tend to react to stimuli (刺激因素) in a direction __77__ with that mood state. Thus, for example, we should expect to see __78__ in a positive mood state evaluate products in more of a __79__ manner than they would when not in such a state. __80__, mood states appear capable of __81__

a consumer’s memory.

Moods appear to be __82__ influenced by marketing techniques. For example, the rhythm, pitch, and __83__ of music has been shown to influence behavior such as the __84__ of time spent in supermarkets or __85__ to purchase products. In addition, advertising can influence consumers’ moods which, in __86__, are capable of

influencing consumer’ reactions to products.

67. A) with B) about C) as D) by 68. A) up B) to C) under D) over

69. A) divided B) derived C) descended D) distinguished 70. A) referred B) related C) attached D) associated

71. A) In B) On C) By D) Of

72. A) thus B) still C) much D) even 73. A) behavior B) gesture C) signal D) view 74. A) for B) provided C) unless D) but

75. A) relative B) negative C) sensitive D) decisive

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76. A) fixed B) granted C) given D) driven

77. A) insistent B) resistant C) persistent D) consistent 78. A) retailers B) consumers C) businessmen D) manufacturers

79. A) casual B) serious C) favorable D) critical 80. A) Moreover B) However C) Nevertheless D) Otherwise 81. A) lifting B) raising C) cultivating D) enhancing 82. A) rarely B) readily C) currently D) cautiously

83. A) volume B) speed C) step D) band 84. A) extent B) scope C) amount D) range

85. A) capacities B) facilities C) intentions D) reflections

86. A) turn B) depth C) total D) detail

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given

in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

87. ________________________ (多亏了一系列的新发明), doctors and treat this

disease successfully.

88. In my sixties, one change I notice is that ________________________ (我比以

前更容易累了).

89. I am going to pursue this course, ________________________ (无论我要付出什

么样的牺牲).

90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because

________________________ (它更加方便和省时).

91. Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life

________________________ (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can

earn. 答案

快速阅读

1. D) a powerful force for global integration 2. C) at an annual rate of 3.9 percent 3. B) 20%

4. D) They give them chances for international study or internship 5. A) Yale's collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research 6. C) It was intentionally created by Stanford University. 7. B) It has been unsteady for years. 8. changes in the visa process

9. take their knowledge and skills back home 10. strengthen the nation 阅读 Section A 47. K. projects 48. M. role 49. A. acting 50. J. offers

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51. D. cooperative 52. G. forward 53. F. especially 54. I. information 55. O. victims 56. E. entire. 阅读 Section B

阅读标红的为争议题，老丁的答案必定最权威。 57. A) All its courses are offered online.

58. C) a minimum or total absence of face-to-face instruction. 59. D) work on the required courses whenever and wherever.

60. C) There is no mechanism to ensure that they make the required effort. 61. B) cutting down on their expenses.

62. D) A lot of distractions compete for children's time nowadays. 63. B) Her way to success was full of pains and frustrations. 64. C) She wanted to share her stories with readers.

65. A) she believed she had the knowledge and experience to offer guidance 66. B) Children should be allowed freedom to grow through experience. 完型 67) A as 68) C to

69) D distinguished 70) A related 71) C In 72) B much 73) D behavior 74) B but

75) C negative 76) A given

77) D consistent 78) A consumers 79) D favorable 80) C Moreover 81) B enhancing 82) A readily 83) D volume 84) B amount 85) D intentions 86) A turn 翻译

87. Thanks to a series of new inventions

88. I am more inclined to get tired than before 89. no matter what kind of sacrifice I will make

90. the former is more convenient and time-saving / it is more....

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91. is measured by how much they can borrow 2008年6月全国大学英语四级考试真题和答案

一.写作部分(9：00-9：30)

Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Apology according to the outline given below. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese. 1.娱乐活动多种多样

2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性 3.作为大学生，我的看法。 二.快速阅读(9：30-9：45)

Media Selection for Advertisements

After determining the target audience for a product or service, advertising agencies must select the appropriate media for the advertisement. We discuss here the major types of media used in advertising. We focus our attention on seven types of advertising: television, newspapers, radio, magazines, out-of-home. Internet, and direct mail. Television

Television is an attractive medium for advertising because it delivers mass audiences to advertisers. When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? you can understand the power of television to communicate with a large audience. When advertisers create a brand, for example, they want to impress consumers with the brand and its image. Television provides an ideal vehicle for this type of communication.But television is an expensive medium, and not all advertisers can afford to use it.

Television's influence on advertising is fourfold. First, narrowcasting means that television channels are seen by an increasingly narrow segment of the audience. The Golf Channel, for instance.

is watched by people who play golf. Home and Garden Television is seen by those interested in household improvement projects. Thus, audiences are smaller and more homogeneous(具有共同特点的) than they have been in the past. Second, there is an increase in the number of television channels available to viewers, and thus, advertisers. This has also resulted in an increase in the sheer number of advertisements to which audiences are exposed. Third, digital recording devices allow audience members more control over which commercials they watch. Fourth, control over programming is being passed from the networks to local cable operators and satellite programmers. Newspaper?

After television, the medium attracting the next largest annual ad revenue is newspapers. The New York Times, which reaches a national audience, accounts for $1 billion in ad revenue annually, ii m increased its national circulation (发行量) by 40% and is now available for home delivery in ion ciues. Locally, newspapers are the largest advertising medium.

Newspapers are a less expensive advertising medium than television and provide a way for advertisers to communicate a longer. more detailed message to their audience than they

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can through 48 hours,meaning newspapers are also a quick way of getting the massage out.Newspapers are ofen the most important form of news for a local community, and they develop a high degree of loyalty from local reader. Radio

Advertising on radio continues to grow Radio is often used in conjunction with outdoor bill-boards (广告牌) and ihe Internet to reach even more customers than television. Advertisers are likely to use radio because it is a less expensive medium than television, which means advertisers can afford to repeal their ads often. Internet companies are also turning 10 radio advertising. Radio provides a way for advertisers to communicate with audience members at all times of the day.Consumers listen to radio on their way to school or work, at work, on the way home, and in the evening hours.

Two major changes—satellite and Internet radio—will force radio advertisers to adapt their methods. Both of these radio forms allow listeners to tune in stations that are more distant than the

local stations they could receive in the past. As a result, radio will increasingly attract target audiences who live many miles apart. Magazines

Newsweeklies, women’s titles, and business magazines have all seen increases in advertising because they attract the high-end market, magazines are popular with advertisers because of the narrow market that they deliver. A broadcast medium such as network television attracts all types of audience members, but magazine audiences are more homogeneous, if you read sports illustrated, for example, you have much in common with the magazine’s other readers. Advertisers see magazines as an efficient way of reaching target audience members.

Advertiser using the print media-magazines and newspapers-will need to adapt to two main changes. First, the internet will bring larger audiences to local newspapers, these second. Advertisers will have to understand how to use an increasing number of magazines for their target audiences. Although some magazines will maintain national audiences, a large number of magazines will entertain narrower audiences. Out-of-home advertising

Out-of-home advertising. Also called place-based advertising, has become an increasingly effective way of reaching consumers, who are more active than ever before. Many consumers today do not sit at home and watch television. Using billboards, newsstands, and bus shelters for advertising is an effective way of reaching these on-the-go consumers. More consumers travel longer distances to and from work, which also makes out-of-home advertising effective, technology has changed the nature of the billboard business, making it a more effective medium than in the past.

Using digital printing, billboard companies can print a billboard in 2 hours, compared with 6 days previously. This allows advertisers more variety in the types of messages they create because they.

Can change their messages more quickly. Internet

As consumers become more comfortable with online shopping, advertisers will seek to reach this market As consumers get more of their news and information from the Internet,

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the ability of television and radio to get the word out to consumers will decrease. The challenge to Internet advertisers Is to create ads that audience members remember.

Internet advertising will play a more prominent role in organizations' advertising in the near ftuture. Internet audiences tend to be quite homogeneous, but small. Advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach these audiences and will have to adapt their persuasive strategies to the online medium as well. Direct mail

A final advertising medium is direct mail, which uses mailings to consumers to communicate a client's message Direct mail includes newsletters. postcards and special promotions. Direct mail is an effective way to build relationships with consumers.For many businesses.direct mail is the most effective from of advertising.

1. Television is an attractive advertising medium in that_____________. A) it has large audiences B) it appeals to housewives

C) it helps build up a company's reputation D) it is affordable to most advertisers

2. With the increase in the number of TV channels_________. A) the cost of TV advertising has decreased B) the nuiflber of TV viewers has increased

C) advertisers' interest in other media has decreased D) the number of TV ads people can see has increased

3.Compared with television, newspapers as an advertising medium_________________. A) earn a larger annual ad revenue B) convey more detailed messages C) use more production techniques D) get messages out more effectively

4.Advertising on radio continues to grow because ___________. A) more local radio stations have been set up

B) modern technology makes it more entertaining C) it provides easy access to consumers

D) it has been revolutionized by Internet radio.

5.Magazines are seen by advertisers as an efficient way to___________. A) reach target audiences

B) modern technology makes it more entertaining C) appeal to educated people. D) convey all kinds of messages

6.Oui-of-home advertising has become more effective because_______ A) billboards can be replaced within two hours B) consumers travel more now ever before

C) such ads have been made much more attractive D) the pace of urban life is much faster nowadays

7. The challenge to Internet advertisers is to create ads that are___________. A) quick to update B) pleasant to look at C) easy to remember

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D) convenient to access

8. Internet advertisers will have to adjust their methods to reach audiences that tend to be_____________

9.Direct mail is an effecitive form of advertising for businesses to develop_________________________

10.This passage discusses how advertisers select________________for advertisements. 注意：收答题卡一作文和快速阅读部分(9：45-10：00) 四.阅读词汇部分选词阅读及完型 (10：35-11：25) 选词填空

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A

Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Some years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe. I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly -47- to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was -48- to a little college French.

I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, -49- unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up-50- and do research? It seemed impossible, and with considerable-51-I sat down to write a letter begging off. Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: you can’t learn if you don’t try. So I accepted the assignment.

There were some bad-52-. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since. I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places. Without guides or even-53- bookings. Confident that somehow I will manage.

The point is that the new, the different, is almost by definition –54- . but each time you try something. You learn. And as the learning plies up. The world opens to you.

I’ve learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine river in a –55-. And I know I’ll go to doing such things. It’s not because I’m braver or more daring than others. I’m not. But I’ll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can-56-wonders. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A. complish I. manufacture B. advanced J. moments C. balloon K. news D. claim L. reduced E. constantly M. regret F. declare N. scary G. interviews O. totally H. limited Passage One

Question 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but- regardless of whether it is or isn't - we won't do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.

A1 Gore calls global warming an \"inconvenient truth,\" as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and - without major technological breakthroughs - we can't do much about it.

From 2003 to 2050,the world 's population is projected to grow from 6.4 billon to 9.1 billion ,a 42% increase. if energy use per person and technology remain te same, total energy

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use and greenhouse gas emissions(mainly,CO2)will be 42% higher in 2050.But that's too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need econmic growth unless we condemn the world's poor to their present

Poverty and freeze everyone else's living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more then double by 2050.

No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel)that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they're \"doing something \"Consider the Kyoto Protoco(京都议定书).It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn't. But it hasn't reduced CO2 emissions(up about 25% since 1990),and many signatories(签 字国) didn't adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.

The practical codusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.

The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral proble when it's really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don't solve the engineering problem, we're helpless.

57.What is said about global warming in the first paragraph? A) It may not prove an environmental crisis at all. B) It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments. C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it. D) Very little will be done to bring it under control.

58.According to the author's understanding, what is A1 Gore's view on global warming?

A) It is a reality both people and politicians are unaware of. B) It is a phenomenon that causes us many inconveniences. C) It is a problem that can be solved once it is recognized. D) It is an area we actually have little knowledge about.

59.Greenhouse emissions will more than double by 2050 because of ___. A) economic growthC) the widening gap between the rich and poor

D) the rapid advances of science and technology B) wasteful use of energy

60.The author believes that, since the signing of the Kyoto Protocol,____. A) politicians have started to do something to better the situation B) few nations have adopted real tough measures to limit energy use

C) reductions in energy consumption have greatly cut back global warming

D) international cooperation has contributed to solving envoronmental problems 61.What is the message the author intends to convey?

A) Global warming is more of a moral issue than a practical one. B) The ultimate solution to global warming lies in new technology.

C) The debate over global warming will lead to technological breakthroughs. D) People have to give up certain material comforts to stop global warming. Passage Two

Question 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Someday a siranger will read your e-mail without your permission or scan the Website

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you've visited，Or perhaps someone will casually glance through your credit card purchases or cell phonebills to find out your shopping preferences or calling habits.

In fact, it's likely some of these things have already happened to you. Who would watch you without your permission? It might be a spouse, a girl friend, a marketing company, a boss, a cop or a criminal. Whoever it is, they will see you in a way you never intended to be seen - the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked.

Psychologists tell us boundaries are healthy, that it's important to reveal yourself to friends, family and lovers in stages, at appropriate times. But few boundaries remain. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to reconstruct who you are, where you are and what you like. In some cases, a simple Google search can reveal what you think. Like it or not, increasingly we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret.

The key question is: Does that matter?

For many Americans, the answer apparently is \"no.\"

When opinion polls ask Americans about privacy, most say they are concerned about losing it. A survey found an overwhelming pessimism about privacy, with 60 percent of respondents saying they feel their privacy is \"slipping away, and that bothers me.\"

But people say one thing and do another. Only a tiny fraction of Americans change any behaviors in an effort to preserve their privacy. Few people turn down a discount at tollbooths(收费站) to avoid using the EZ-Pass system that can track automobile movements. And few turn down supermarket loyalty cards. Privacy economist A lessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people will surrender personal information like Socail Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷)。

But privacy does matter - at least sometimes. It's like health: When you have it, you don't notice it. Only when it's gone do you wish you'd done more to protect it.

62. What does the author mean by saying \"the 21st century equivalent of being caught naked\" (Lines 3-4,Para.2)?

A) People's personal information is easily accessed without their knowledge. B) In the 21st century people try every means to look into others' secrets. C) People tend to be more frank with each other in the information age. D) Criminals are easily caught on the spot with advanced technology.

63.What would psychologists advise on the relationships between friends? A) Friends should open their hearts to each other. B) Friends should always be faithful to each other. C) There should be a distance even between friends. D) There should be fewer disputes between friends.

64. Why does the author say \"we live in a world where you simply cannot keep a secret\" (Line5,para.3)

A) Modern society has finally evolved into an open society. B) People leave traces around when using modern technology. C) There are always people who are curious about others' affairs. D) Many search engines profit by revealing people's identities.

65. What do most Americans do with regard to privacy protection? A) They change behaviors that might disclose their identity.

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B) They use various loyalty cards for business transactions. C) They rely most and more on electronic devices. D) They talk a lot but hardly do anything about it.

66.According to the passage, privacy is like health in that ___. A) people will make every effort to keep it. B) its importance is rarely understood C) is is something that can easily be lost D) people don't cherish it until they lose it Part V Cloze (15 minutes)

Universities are institutions that teach a wide variety of subjects at advanced levels. They also carry out research work aimed -67- extending man's knowledge of these subjects. The emphasis given to each of these functions -68- from university to university, according to the views of the people in -69- and according to the resources available. The smaller and newer universities do no -70- the staff or equipment to carry out the -71- research projects possible in larger institutions. -72- most experts agree that some research activity is -73- to keep the staff and their students in -74- with the lastest developments in their subjects.

Most students attend a university mainly to -75- the knowledge needed for their chosen -76-. Educationists believe that this aim should not be the -77- one. Universities have always aimed to produce men and women -78- judgment and wisdom as well as knowledge. For this reason, they -79- students to meet others with differing -80- and to read widely to -81- their understanding in many fields of study. -82- a secondary school course, a student should be interested enough in a subject to enjoy gaining knowledge for its own -83-. He should be prepared to -84- sacrifices to study his chosen -85- in depth. He should have an ambition to make some -86- contribution to man's knowledge. 67.A) at B) by C) to D) in

68.A) turns B) ranges C) moves D) varies 69.A) prospect B) place C) control D) favor 70.A) occupy B) possess C) involve D) spare 71.A) maximum B) medium C) virtual D) vast 72.A) But B) As C) While D) For

73.A) natural B) essential C) functional D) optional 74.A) coordination B) accordance C) touch D) grasp 75.A) acquire B) accept C) endure D) ensure

76.A) procession B) profession C) possession D) preference 77.A) typical B) true C) mere D) only 78.A) with B) under C) on D) through

79.A) prompt B) provoke C) encourage D) anticipate 80.A) histories B) expressions C) interests D) curiosities 81.A) broaden B) lengthen C) enforce D) specify 82.A) Amid B) Over C) After D) Upon 83.A) object B) effect C) course D) sake 84.A) take B) suffer C) make D) pay 85.A) field B) target C) scope D) goal

86.A) radical B) meaningful C) truthful D) initial

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五.翻译部分(11：25-11：30)

Part VI Translation ( 5 minutes )

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答，只需写出译文部分。

87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of the research _________ .(能应用于新技术的开发)

88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something __________(一定出了毛病)with its operating system.

89. Leaving one’s job, _____________ (无论是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.

90. _________(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting. 91. _________(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill. 答案

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.D/B 7.C

8.quite homogeneous 9.relationships with consumers 10.media Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)

47.D 48.H 49.O 50.G 51.K 52.J 53.B 54.N 55.C 56.A 57.D 58.C 59.A 60.B 61.B 62.A 63.C 64.B 65.D 66.D Part V Cloze

67.A 68.D 69.B 70.B 71.D 72.C 73.B 74.C 75.A 76.B 77.D 78.A 79.C 80.C 81.A 82.B 83.D 84.B 85.A 86.C

Part VI Translation

87.能应用于新技术的开发can be applied to the research and development of new technology

88.一定出了毛病There must be something wrong/there must be some errors/problems 89.不管是什么工作no matter what kind it is / whatever it is

90.与我成长的地方相比Compared with the place where I grew up 91.直到他完成使命Not until he had accomplished the task

2008年12月全国大学英语四级考试真题和答案

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D).For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. That’s enough, kids

It was a lovely day at the park and Stella Bianchi was enjoying the sunshine with her two children when a young boy, aged about four, approached her two-year-old son and pushed him to the ground.

“I’d watched him for a little while and my son was the fourth or fifth child he’d shoved,” she says.” I went over to them, picked up my son, turned to the boy and said, firmly, ’No, we don’t push,” What happened next was unexpected.

“The boy’s mother ran toward me from across the park,” Stella says,” I thought

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she was coming over to apologize, but instead she started shouting at me for disciplining her child, All I did was let him know his behavior was unacceptable. Was I supposed to sit back while her kid did whatever he wanted, hurting other children in the process?”

Getting your own children to play nice is difficult enough. Dealing with other people’s children has become a minefield.

In my house, jumping on the sofa is not allowed. In my sister’s house it’s encouraged. For her, it’s about kids being kids:”If you can’t do it at three, when can you do it?”

Each of these philosophies is valid and, it has to be said, my son loves visiting his aunt’s house. But I find myself saying “no” a lot when her kids are over at mine. That’s OK between sisters but becomes dangerous territory when you’re talking to the children of friends or acquaintances.

“Kids aren’t all raised the same,” agrees Professor Naomi White of Monash University.” But there is still an idea that they’re the property of the parent. We see our children as an extension of ourselves, so if you’re saying that my child is behaving inappropriately, then that’s somehow a criticism of me.”

In those circumstances, it’s difficult to know whether to approach the child directly or the parent first. There are two schools of thought.

“I’d go to the child first,” says Andrew Fuller, author of Tricky Kids. Usually a quiet reminder that ’we don’t do that here’ is enough. Kids nave finely tuned antennae (直觉) for how to behave in different settings.”

He points out bringing it up with the parent first may make them feel neglectful, which could cause problems. Of course, approaching the child first can bring its own headaches, too. This is why White recommends that you approach the parents first. Raise your concerns with the parents if they’re there and ask them to deal with it,” she says. Asked how to approach a parent in this situation, psychologist Meredith Fuller answers: “Explain your needs as well as stressing the importance of the friendship. Preface your remarks with something like: ’I know you’ll think I’m silly but in my house I don’t want…’”

When it comes to situations where you’re caring for another child, white is straightforward: “common sense must prevail. If things don’t go well, then have a chat.”

There’re a couple of new grey areas. Physical punishment, once accepted from any adult, is no longer appropriate. “A new set of considerations has come to the fore as part of the debate about how we handle children.” For Andrew Fuller, the child-centric nature of our society has affected everyone:” The rules are different now from when today’s parents were growing up,” he says, “Adults are scared of saying: ’don’t swear’, or asking a child to stand up on a bus. They’re worried that there will be conflict if they point these things out – either from older children, or their parents.”

He sees it as a loss of the sense of common public good and public courtesy (礼貌), and says that adults suffer form it as much as child.

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Meredith Fuller agrees: “A code of conduct is hard to create when you’re living in a world in which everyone is exhausted from overwork and lack of sleep, and a world in which nice people are perceived to finish last.”

“it’s about what I’m doing and what I need,” Andrew Fuller says. ”the days when a kid came home from school and said, “I got into trouble”. And dad said, ‘you probably deserved it’. Are over. Now the parents are charging up to the school to have a go at teachers.”

This jumping to our children’s defense is part of what fuels the “walking on eggshells” feeling that surrounds our dealings with other people’s children. You know that if you remonstrate(劝诫) with the child, you’re going to have to deal with the parent. it’s admirable to be protective of our kids, but is it good? “Children have to learn to negotiate the world on their own, within reasonable boundaries,” White says. “I suspect that it’s only certain sectors of the population doing the running to the school –better –educated parents are probably more likely to be too involved.”

White believes our notions of a more child-centred, it’s a way of talking about treating our children like commodities(商品). We’re centred on them but in ways that reflect positively on us. We treat them as objects whose appearance and achievements are something we can be proud of, rather than serve the best interests of the children.”

One way over-worked, under-resourced parents show commitment to their children is to leap to their defence. Back at the park, Bianchi’s intervention(干预) on her son’s behalf ended in an undignified exchange of insulting words with the other boy’s mother.

As Bianchi approached the park bench where she’d been sitting, other mums came up to her and congratulated her on taking a stand. “Apparently the boy had a longstanding reputation for bad behaviour and his mum for even worse behaviour if he was challenged.”

Andrew Fuller doesn’t believe that we should be afraid of dealing with other people’s kids. “look at kids that aren’t your own as a potential minefield,” he says. He recommends that we don’t stay silent over inappropriate behaviour, particularly with regular visitors. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. What did Stella Bianchi expect the young boy’s mother to do when she talked to him?

A) make an apology

B) come over to intervene C) discipline her own boy D) take her own boy away

2. What does the author say about dealing with other people’s children? A) it’s important not to hurt them in any way B) it’s no use trying to stop their wrongdoing

C) it’s advisable to treat them as one’s own kids

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D) it’s possible for one to get into lots of trouble

3. According to professor Naomi white of Monash university, when one’s kids are criticized, their parents will probably feel A) discouraged B) hurt C) puzzled

D) overwhelmed 4. What should one do when seeing other people’s kids misbehave according to Andrew fuller?

A) talk to them directly in a mild way B) complain to their parents politely C) simply leave them alone D) punish them lightly

5. Due to the child-centric nature of our society, A) parents are worried when their kids swear at them B) people think it improper to criticize kids in public C) people are reluctant to point our kids’ wrongdoings D) many conflicts arise between parents and their kids

6. In a world where everyone is exhausted from over work and lack of sleep, . A) it’s easy for people to become impatient B) it’s difficult to create a code of conduct C) it’s important to be friendly to everybody D) it’s hard for people to admire each other

7. How did people use to respond when their kids got into trouble at school? A) they’d question the teachers B) they’d charge up to the school C) they’d tell the kids to clam down D) They’d put the blame on their kids

8. Professor white believes that the notions of a more child-centred society should be challenged. 9. According to professor white, today’s parents treat their children as something they can be proud of.

10. Andrew fuller suggests that , when kids behave inappropriately, people should not stay silent.

Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in depth) Section A

Question 47-56

A bookless life is an incomplete life. Books influence the depth and breadth of life. They meet the natural______47_F_____for freedom, for expression, for

creativity and beauty of life. Learners, therefore, must have books, and the right type of book, for the satisfaction of their need. Readers turn______48_K____ to books because their curiosity concerning all manners of things, their eagerness to share in the experiences of others and their need to ____49 H_____ from their

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own limited environment lead them to find in books food for the mind and the spirit. Through their reading they find a deeper significance to life as books acquaint them with life in the world as it was and it is now. They are presented with a __50 G_____ of human experiences and come to ___51 N____ other ways of thought and living. And while ____52 I____ their own relationships and responses to life , the readers often find that the ___53 B__ in their stories are going through similar adjustments, which help to clarify and give significance to their own.

Books provide ___54 A_____ material for readers’ imagination to grow. Imagination is a valuable quality and a motivating power, and stimulates achievement. While enriching their imagination, books __55 O____their outlook, develop a fact-finding attitude and train them to use leisure ___56 M___. The social and educational significance of the readers’ books cannot be overestimated in an academic library. A. AbundantB. CharactersC. CommunicatingD. CompletelyE. DeriveF. Desire G. DiversityH. EscapeI. EstablishingJ. NarrowK. NaturallyL. PersonnelM. Properly N. RespectO. Widen

Section B

Directions There are 2 passages in this section, each passage is followed by some question or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A B C D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage one

Question 57 to 61 based on the following passage.

If you are a male and you are reading this ,congratulations: you are a

survivor .According to statistics .you are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer than a woman ,and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman.

There are many reasons for this-typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don’t go to the doctor.

“Men aren’t seeing doctors as often as they should, ” says Dr. Gullotta, “This is particularly so for the over-40s,when diseases tend to strike.”

Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45,it should be at least once a year.

Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old ma who had delayed doing anything about his smoker’s cough for a year.

“When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer” he says, “Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him, but it would have prolonged this life”

According to a recent survey, 95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.

“A lot of men think they are invincible （不可战胜的）”Gullotta says “They only

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come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and they think” Geez, if it could happen to him.

Then there is the ostrich approach,” some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know, ” says Dr. Ross Cartmill.

“Most men get their cars serviced more regularly than they service their bodies,” Cartmill says .He believes most diseases that commonly affect men could be addressed by preventive check-ups

Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.” But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. Besides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”

57.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage? A. They are more likely to survive serious diseases today. B. Their average life span has been considerably extended. C. They have lived long enough to read this article. D. They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live. 58。What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?

A. men drink and smoke much more than women

B. men don’t seek medical care as often as women

C. men aren’t as cautions as women in face of danger D. men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases

59. Which of the following best completes the sentence “Geez, if it could happen to him,…’(line2,para,8)? A. it could happen to me, too B. I should avoid playing golf C. I should consider myself lucky D. it would be a big misfortune

60what does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by “the ostrich approach”(line q para.9) A. a casual attitude towards one’s health conditions B. a new therapy for certain psychological problems

C. refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved D. unwillingness to find out about one’s disease because of fear 61. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men? A.They may increase public expenses B.They will save money in the long run

C.They may cause psychological strains on men D.They will enable men to live as long as women Passage two

Question 62 to 66 are based on the following passage

High-quality customer service is preached(宣扬) by many ,but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done

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Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will alert their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers-and anyone who will listen.

Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide t frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde group and Wharton school

“Storytelling hurts retailers and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde group.” the store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”

On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four other, and will no longer visit the specific store for every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be disastrous to retailers.

According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers. The most common complaints include filled parking lots, cluttered (塞满了的) shelves, overloaded racks, out-of-stock items, long check-out lines, and rude salespeople.

During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by getting moonlighting local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces. This guidance eliminated the need for customers to circle the parking lot endlessly, and avoided confrontation between those eyeing the same parking space.

Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts, pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions. Most importantly, salespeople should be diplomatic and polite with angry customers. “Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said Professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entrance would help.”

Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by filing complaints to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are hard-pressed to improve when they have no idea what is wrong. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

62. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints? A Most customers won’t bother to complain even if they have had unhappy experiences. B Customers would rather relate their unhappy experiences to people around them. C Few customers believe the service will be improved. D Customers have no easy access to store managers.

63. What does Paula Courtney imply by saying “ … the shopper must also find a replacement” (Line 2, Para. 4)?

A New customers are bound to replace old ones.

B It is not likely the shopper can find the same products in other stores.

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C Most stores provide the same

D Not complaining to the manager causes the shopper some trouble too.

64. Shop owners often hire moonlighting police as parking attendants so that shoppers_____

A can stay longer browsing in the store B won’t have trouble parking their cars C won’t have any worries about security D can find their cars easily after shopping

65. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers? A Manners of the salespeople B Hiring of efficient employees C Huge supply of goods for sale D Design of the store layout.

66. To achieve better shopping experiences, customers are advised to _________. A exert pressure on stores to improve their service

B settle their disputes with stores in a diplomatic way C voice their dissatisfaction to store managers directly D shop around and make comparisons between stores

Part V Cloze

Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C,D on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

playing organized sports is such a common experience in the United States that many children and teenagers that them for granted. This is especially true 67 children from families and communities that have the resources needed to organize and 68 sports programs and make sure that there is easy 69 to participation opportunities. Children in low-income families and poor communities are 70 likely to take organized youth sports for granted because they often 71 the resources needed to pay for participation 72, equipment, and transportation to practices and games 73 their communities do not have resources to build and 74 sports fields and facilities. Organized youth sports 75 appeared during the early 20th century in the United States and other wealthy nations. They were originally developed 76 some educators and developmental experts 77 that the behavior and character of children were 78 influenced by their social surrounding and everyday experiences. This 79 many people to believe that if you could organize the experiences of children in 80 ways, you could influence the kinds of adults that those children would become.

This belief that the social 81 influenced a person’s overall development was very 82 to people interested in progress and reform in the United States 83 the beginning of the 20th century. It caused them to think about 84 they might control the experiences of children to 85 responsible and productive adults. They believed strongly that democracy depended on responsibility and that a 86 capitalist economy depended on the productivity of worker.

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67. A. among B. within C. on D. towards 68. A. spread B. speed C. spur D. sponsor 69. A. access B. entrance C. chance D. route 70 A. little B. less C. more D. much

71. A. shrink B. tighten C. limit D. lack 72. A. bill B accounts C. fees D. fare 73. A. so B. as C. and D. but

74. A. maintain B. sustain C. contain D. entertain 75.A. last B. first C. later D. finally 76.A. before B. while C. until D. when

77.A. realized B. recalled C. expected D. exhibited

78.A. specifically B. excessively C. strongly D. exactly 79. A. moved B. conducted C. put D. led

80. A. precise B. precious C. particular D. peculiar 81.A. engagement B. environment C.s tate D. status

82.A. encouraging B. disappointing C. upsetting D. surprising 83.A. for B. with C. over D. at

84.A. what B. how C. whatever D. however

85.A. multiply B. manufacture C. produce D. provide 86.A. growing B. breeding C. raising D. flying

Part VI Translation

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on answer sheet 2

87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems that they haven’t found answers_to (他们至今还没有答案)

88.What most parents are concerned about (大多数父母所关心的) is providing the best education possible for their children.

89.You’d better take a sweater with you in case it turn(s) cold (以防天气变冷)

90.Throught the project, many people have received training and decided to start their own business (决定自己创业)

91.the anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor (直到一名医生偶然发现了它) 答案

一、快速阅读 1-7:3321224 8:challenged

9：can be proud of 10：stay silent 三、词汇

47-56：F、k、N、G、E、I、B、A、O、M 57-66：CBADB BCBAC

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67-76：ADABD CCABD 77-86：ACDCB ADBCA 四、翻译：

87、that they haven’t found answers to

88、What most parents are concerned about

89、You’d better take a sweater with you in case it turn(s) cold 90、decided to start their own business

91、until it was accidentally found by a doctor

2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:

1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How Do You See Diversity?

As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.

He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.

“It wasn’t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn’t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate’s “different” behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避开) your eyes. “I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.”

Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions . Hire Advantage

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At a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .

“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.” Blinded by Gender

Dale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender .

“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale’s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization’s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce . “I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .” Year of the Know-It-All

Doug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.

“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .

“He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of holidays varies considerably from culture to culture . “Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply

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asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Doug admits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more ‘inclusive’ to differences.”

A better Bottom Line

An open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone . It wasn’t until my boss received Mindsets’ training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base has increased .”

Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard the stereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone . Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities . It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity . When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selves to think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone .

1.What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate? A)He just wouldn’t look her in the eye. B)He was slow in answering her questions.

C)His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant. D)His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant . 2. Tiffany’s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from . A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.

B) Invalid personal biasD) Emphasis on physical appearance

3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the author?

A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel. B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures. C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment. D) Expanding domestic and international markets. 4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?

A) A real estate agencyC) A cultural exchange organization. B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company

5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that B) He could have done more for his company. C) He had not managed his workforce well.

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D) He must get rid of his gender bias.

6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC’s workshop? A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted. B) It tapped into the executives’ full potential. C) It helped him make fair decisions. D) It met participants’ diverse needs.

7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee’s request for leave?

A) He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it down B) He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.

8. Doug felt＿＿＿＿when he realized that his assumption was wrong.

9. After attending Mindsets’ workshops, the participants came to know the importance of＿＿＿＿ to their business.

10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , we can achieve diversity and benefit from the＿＿＿＿between us..

Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes) Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.

Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult.

How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in

it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can’t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.

Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing .

Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed

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legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language . A)&I) painfulB J) performanceC)& K) professionD) enhance L) remarkablyE M) require F)& N) sensitiveG) hinderO) urgeH) mission Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.

The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.

Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,” says Hahn.

Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.

2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案 真题：

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

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Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:

1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？

2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案 真题：

Part I Writing (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given bellow:

1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？ 2. 也会带来一些问题 3. 你的看法？

Free admission to museums

A) closer I) painful B) daily J) performance C) emotional K) profession D) enhance L) remarkably E) enormous M) require F) especially N) sensitive G) hinder O) urge H) mission Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines. The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges.

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Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren’t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you’re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.

Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,” says Hahn.

Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I’m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she’s on the hunt for “cute stuff that isn’t too expensive.” By her own admission, green just isn’t yet on her mind. But –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.

57. What is said about FutureFashion?

A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.

B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.

C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.

D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable. 58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that .

A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials . B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials . C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials . D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available . 59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion .

A) can attend various trade shows free .

B) are readily recognized by the fashion world C) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices . D) are gaining more and more support .

60. What is Natalie Hormilla’s attitude toward ecofashion? A) She doesn’t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practical

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value.

B) She doesn’t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea

61. What does the author think of green fashion? A) Green products will soon go mainstream. B) It has a very promising future. C) Consumers have the final say.

D) It will appeal more to young people. Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .

The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people’s hair.

“You’re what you eat and drink, and that’s recorded in you hair,” said Thure Cerling, a geologist at the University of Utah. While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.

Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.

Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.

Cerling’s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.

They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.

“It’s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),” Cerling said . “It’s good for eliminating many possibilities.”

Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.

The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.

When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.

She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.

“It’s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”

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62. What is the scientists’ new discovery?

A) One’s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink. B) A person’s hair may reveal where they have lived.

C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.

D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person. 63. What does the author mean by “You’re what you eat and drink” (Line 1, Para.3)? A) Food and drink affect one’s personality development. B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals. C) Food and drink leave traces in one’s body tissues. D) Food and drink are indispensable to one’s existence. 64. What is said about the rainfall in America’s West? A) There is much more rainfall in California than in Utah.

B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland. C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas. D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward. 65. What did Cerling’s team produce in their research? A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water. B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops. C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair. D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system. 66. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?

A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions. B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.

C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.

D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation. Part V Cloze (15 minutes).

Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan’s car-makers. He’s a young, successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of

disposable 67 . He used to own Toyota’s Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses 68 subways and grains . “It’s not inconvenient at all ,” he says 69 , “having a car is so 20th century.”

Suda reflects a worrisome 70 in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional

appeal, 71 among the young ,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices. 72 mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular ,everything in between is 73 .Last years sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent 74 you don’t count the mini-car market . There have been 75 one-year drops in other nations :sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 2007 76 a tax increase . But experts say Japan is

77 in that sales have been decreasing steadily 78 time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007.

Alarmed by this state of 79 , the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA) 80 a comprehensive study of the market in 2006. It found that a 81 wealth gap,

demographic(人口结构的) changes and 82 lack of interest in cars led Japanese to hold their

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83 longer , replace their cars with smaller ones 84 give up car ownership altogether .JAMA 85 a further sales decline of 1.2 percent this year. Some experts believe that if the trend continues for much longer , further consolidation (合并) in the automotive sector is 86 . 67. A) profitC) income B) payment D) budget

68. A) mostlyC) occasionally B) partially D) rarely

69. A) ThereforeC) OtherwiseB) Besides D) Consequently 70. A) driftC) currentB) tideD) trend

71. A) remarkablyC) speciallyB) essentiallyD )particularly 72. A) While C) When B) Because D) Since

73. A) surgingC) slippingB) stretchingD) shaking 74. A) unlessC) as B) if D) after

75. A) lower C) broader B) slighterD) larger

76. A) liable toC) thanks toB) in terms of D) in view of 77. A) uniqueC) mysteriousB) similarD) strange 78. A) overC) onB) againstD) behind 79. A) messC) growth B) boomD) decay

80. A) proceededC) launchedB)relievedD) revised

81. A) quickeningC) strengtheningB) wideningD) lengthening 82. A) averageC) abundantB) massive D) general 83. A) labelsC) vehiclesB) cycles& D) devices 84. A) orC) but B) until& D) then 85. A) concludes C) reckons B) predicts D) prescribes

86. A) distantC) temporary B) likely D) immediate

Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had＿＿＿ (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.

88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary＿＿＿ (就不会被大雨淋湿了). 89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are＿＿＿(更有可能增加体重).

90.＿＿＿(很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular.

91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is＿＿＿(与缺乏锻炼密切相关) 参考答案

Part I Writing

Free Admission to Museums（满分版）

Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as there’s a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access

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to this live ‘database’, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them.

However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of which might not be well-purposed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums.

As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct. Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some ‘closed’ days for museums for regular maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 阅读答案

1. A. He just wouldn’t look her in the dye。 2. C cultural ignorance

3.B Increasing understanding of people of other cultures。 4.B A personnel training company。

5. D he must get rid of his gender bias 6.C It helped him make fair decisions。 7.A He told him to get the dates right。 8. embarrassed 9. inclusiveness 10. differences and similarities 47. M require 48. I painful 49.F especially 50. E enormous 51.H mission 52. D enhance 53. B daily 54.J performance 55. K profession 56 A daily 57 A it inspired many leading designers to start going green

58 D quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available 59 D are gaining more and more support 60 A she doesn't seem to care about it 61 B it has a very promising future

62 B a person's hair may reveal where they have lived。 63 C food and drink leave traces in one's body tissues

64 B the water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland。 65 D a chart illustrating the movement of the rain system。

66 C it helps the police narrow down possibililities in detective work。 完型：

67. D. budget 68. A. mostly69. B. besides 70. D. trend71.D. particularly 72. A. while73. D. shaking74. B. if75. D. larger76.D. in view of 77. A. unique78. A. over79. D. decay80. A. proceeded 81.B. widening82. B. massive83. C. vehicles84. A. or 85.

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B. predict 86.B. likely 翻译

87. difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates 88. wouldn’t have been caught by the rain 89. more likely to put on weight 90. What many people don’t realize

91. closely relative to the lack of exercise Part VI Translation (5 minutes)

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.

87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had in math and English. (很难跟上班里的同学)

88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary (就不会被大雨淋湿了).

89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更有可能增加体重).

90.Is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular..(很多人所没有意识到的)

91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (与缺乏锻炼密切相关) 参考答案

Part I Writing

Free Admission to Museums（满分版）

Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as there’s a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live ‘database’, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them.

However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of which might not be well-purposed and do some conscious or unconscious damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums.

As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct. Yet it is proposed that some measures should be taken to solve the potential problems caused by it. For example, museums can make some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some ‘closed’ days for museums for regular maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become a long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development.

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

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阅读答案

1. A. He just wouldn’t look her in the dye。 2. C cultural ignorance

3.B Increasing understanding of people of other cultures。 4.B A personnel training company。

5. D he must get rid of his gender bias 6.C It helped him make fair decisions。 7.A He told him to get the dates right。 8. embarrassed 9. inclusiveness

10. differences and similarities

完型：

67. D. budget 68. A. mostly 69. B. besides trend

71.D. particularly 72. A. while 73. D. shaking if

75. D. larger 76.D. in view of 77. A. unique over 79. D. decay 80. A. proceeded widening 82. B. massive 83. C. vehicles 84. A. or predict 86.B. likely 翻译

87. difficulty (in) catching up with his classmates 88. wouldn’t have been caught by the rain 89. more likely to put on weight 90. What many people don’t realize

91. closely relative to the lack of exercise

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70. D. 74. B. 81.B. 85. B.

78. A.