虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同,虚拟条件句可分为三种,即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表: 条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实相should /would/could/might + have had + 过去分词 反 + 过去分词 与现在事实相一般过去时(be用would/should/could/might + 动词反 原形 were) 一般过去时或与将来事实相would/should/could/might + 动词should(were to) + 动反 原形 词原形 例句: (1)表示与现在事实相反
If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.
(2)表示与过去事实相反
If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.
(3)表示与将来事实相反
I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow. 1. 虚拟条件句的倒装
在虚拟条件句中,为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性,或突出说话人的一种主观愿望,虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if,把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。例如:
Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.
Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at that time ?
2. 错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。例如:
If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ,things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. 3. 含蓄条件句
有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来,而是通过某个介词或介词短语(如:with,otherwise,without,but for,in that position)、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如:
But for the help from you , I would not have had the chance to go to college. 二、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用
在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should类”和“过去时态类”。
(一)should类
这一类的虚拟语气是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should +动词原形”体现出来的,should可以省略。其具体运用体现在:
1. 在suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。
如:He suggests that she should leave the house at once.
The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible. He proposed that we (should)deal with the problem by the view of development.
2. 与suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist等动词相对应的名词suggestion,order,demand,proposal等后的表语从句或同位语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:The general sent the order that the battle(should)be held on until the complete failure of the enemy.
My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 3. 在It is/was suggested (ordered,demanded,proposed,etc.)结构以及necessary,essential,important,strange,natural等形容词后的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:
It’s requested that we (should)keep the stability of the society for the people’s peaceful life.
It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately. (二)过去时态类
英语中,还有一些词或短语后接的从句或句子,也要使用虚拟语气,虚拟语气是通过句中的谓语使用过去的某种时态(如:一般过去时、过去完成时等)来体现的。
1. wish,would rather 后的宾语从句。如:
He wished he had never been involved in such affairs. I would rather you could teach me again. 2. as if,as though引导的从句。如:
The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man. He acted as usual as though nothing had happened.
3. 由if only (要是……,那该多好啊!)引导的惊叹句。如: If only I had passed the test! If only it stopped raining!
4. It is(about/high) time 后的定语从句。如: It is time we went out for a walk.
It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment. 三、虚拟语气的其它用法
在英语中,一些表示建议、请求、劝告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或诅咒的句子,也需要使用虚拟语气。如: Would you mind smoking here? May you be lucky!
Long live the people of China! God save me.
虚拟语气练习题
1.—What do you think of the newly-released film Capernaum? —It touched my heart deeply. But for your recommendation I _________ it. A.had missed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:---你觉得新上映的电影《迦百农》怎么样?---它深深地触动了我的心。要不是你的推荐,我就错过了。虚拟语气有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现,而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or,even, in case of, what if(如果…将如何)等等,这种句子往往有主句而无从句 。但是可以转化成if引导的虚拟条件句。分析句子可知,本句可以转化成是if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句为:If I had not had your recommendation ,主句为:I would have missed it。故C选项正确。 【点睛】
if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表: 与过去事实相反的假设 与现在事实相反的假设 与将来事实相反的假设 条件从句的谓语动词形式 had done 主句谓语动词形式 would/could/might/should have done would/could/might/should do would/could/might/should do B.would miss
C.would have missed D.must have missed
过去时(was→were) 过去时 (was→were ) ; should do; were to do 有时假设的情况并不是以if引导的条件从句形式出现,而是通过一些短语等形式暗示虚拟语气的存在,常用的词语有with, without, but for, otherwise, or,even, in case of, what if(如果…将如何)等等,这种句子往往有主句而无从句 (考试时多数情况是对过去的假。但是可以转化成if引导的虚拟条件句。分析句子可知,本句可以转化成是if引导的虚拟条件句,表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句为:If I had not had your recommendation ,主句为:I would have missed it。故C选项正确。
2.Should it rain, the crops _____ . A.would be saved C.will be saved 【答案】A
B.would have been saved D.had been saved
【解析】 【详解】
试题分析:考查虚拟语气。在if的条件状语从句的虚拟语气中,如果有将来事实相反,从句中使用“过去时/were to do/should+动词原形”,主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。本句中省略了if,所以把should提前,构成部分倒装句。后面的主句使用“would be save”。故A正确。
考点:考查虚拟语气
3.In this company, it is required that anyone who ______ recently come here _____ this kind of test. A.has; has C.have; have 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
试题分析:考察主谓一致和虚拟语气。本题第一空是定语从句,who指代先行词在句中作主语,因为先行词是anyone所以句中使用单数has的形式。因为前面的动词是require后面的宾语从句指使用should+动词原形的虚拟语气。should可以省略。句意:在这个公司里,要求最近来的人要进行这样的一个测试。故B正确。 考点:考察主谓一致和虚拟语气
点评:英语中有4——四个表示“要求”的词,require, ask ,tell, demand;3——三个表示“建议”的词,suggest, recommend, advice;2——两个表示“命令”的词,order,command ; 1——一个表示“坚持”的词,insist。他们后面接 should+动词原形 的虚拟语气。Should可以省略。另外定语从句中的单复数取决于先行词的单复数形式。
B.has; have D.have; has
4.If it _________ not for all the cars and passers-by with cameras, you _________ think you have magically traveled back to the 14 century. A.is …will C.were… will 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
试题分析:句意:如果不是因为所有的汽车和带照相机的过路人,你可能会认为你奇迹般的回到了14世纪。从句意看,这是一种不真实的情况,用虚拟语气,因为是和现在相反的情况,所以if的从句用be动词的过去时were,主句用情态动词might do,所以选D。 考点:考查情态动词和虚拟语气
B.had been… would D.were…might
5.If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you _________ now. A.wouldn’t be smiling B.couldn’t have smiled
C.won’t smile
【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
D.didn’t smile
试题分析:考察错综条件句。本题的条件句中是与过去的事实相反,故使用过去完成时,主句是与现在的事实相反,故使用“情态动词+动词原形”;句意:如果在你摔倒的时候,我不在梯子后面扶着你,你现在就不会这样笑了。故A正确。 考点:考察虚拟语气
点评:条件句的虚拟语气是考查的重点。如果过去事实相反,条件句中使用过去完成时,主句使用“情态动词+have done”;如果主句与现在事实相反,条件句中使用过去时,be动词使用were,主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”;如果与将来事实相反,条件句中有三种:过去时;were to do ;should+动词原形,主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”;要特别注意如果省略了if,句子要使用部分倒装的形式,把助动词,be动词,情态动词提之主语前。另外还要注意条件句和主句不同的时间所形成的挫折条件句。
6.Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you. A.have had 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
本题考查虚拟语气。句意:对不起,我很忙。要是我有空的话,我肯定会和你一起去郊游。既然I am too busy,说明“我有空”只能是对现在的一种假设,所以此处为虚拟语气。含有主从复合句的虚拟语气在if从句中谓语动词通常用过去式形式表现在,所以答案应选had。
B.had had
C.have
D.had
7.—Did you make it at last?
—Yes. But for your help, it________a serious loss. A.would cause C.would have caused 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。答句第二句为含蓄条件句,but for引出虚拟条件,此处表示对过去情况的虚拟,故句子谓语形式为would/should/could/might have done。根据句意可知选C。
B.must have caused D.may cause
8.It is really strange that the girl so early. A.has been married C.should be married 【答案】C
B.has married D.would marry
【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:真的很奇怪这个女孩这么早结婚。在“It is+形容词+that...”句型中,that从句要用虚拟语气,其谓语动词形式为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。故选C。
9.—Do you know why the chemical plant wasn’t built here? —Because it ________ too much pollution to the air. A.had caused C.will have caused 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:——你知道为什么这里没有化工厂吗? ——因为(如果建了化工厂)它对空气污染太严重。此处省略了从句,表示与现在事实相反,主句用would have+过去分词,故选D。
B.caused
D.would have caused
10.--- With the failure of the experiment, we have reached a dead end.
--- Cheer up! Many good things would never have happened if the bad events________ first. A.don’t happen C.hadn’t happened 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。上句:由于实验失败,我们已到了穷途末路。下句:振作起来!很多好事从来不会发生,如果坏事首先没有发生的话。此处是if引导的虚拟语气,与过去的事实相反,句子用过去完成时态。故选C。 【名师点睛】 If引导的虚拟语气
1.表示与现在事实相反的情况,其句型为“ if+ 主语 + 动词的过去式( be 动词用 were ),主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如: If the weather were fine, we would go to Shanghai. 如果天气好,我们就去上海。(事实上天气不好)
2.表示与过去事实相反的情况。其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去完成式,主语 +would / could / should / might + have + 动词的过去分词”。如: If I had taken his advice, I shouldn't / wouldn't / couldn't have made such a mistake.如果我按照他的建议去做,我一定不会(不可能)犯这样的错误。
3.表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果,其句型为“ if + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形 / were to +动词原形,主语 +would / could / might / should + 动词原形”。如: The glass would break if you dropped it. 杯子摔下来会打破的。(事实上没有摔下来)
B.didn’t happen D.haven’t happened
11. it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. A.Should C.Could 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
本题考查与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,故从句用should + v原形。句意:如果明天下雨,会议将会被推迟。此处是if引导的非真实条件句,如果把if省略,则将情态动词should提到主语的前面。故选A。 【点睛】 if 的虚拟语气讲解
1.对现在情况的假设:表示说话时不存在或与事实相反的情况.形式:If+主语+did,主语+should/ would /could +do.例句:If you knew english well,you would be able to talk with foreigners freely.
2.对过去情况的假设:表示与过去事实相反的情况.形式:if+主语+had done,主语
+should/would /could+have done.例句:if i had not studied hard ,i might have failed in the exam.(事实是我通过考试了)
3.对将来情况的假设:表示将来实现可能性不大的情况.形式:if+主语+did/were to do /should do,主语+should /would /could do.例句:if he should change his mind ,what would we do? if的省略:在正式文体中,有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去,这时从句需要采用倒装语序,即:将were,had,should等助动词提到主语前面,主句不做任何变化.例句:should it rain tomorrow,we would staly at home.
错综时间:所谓错综时间是指主句和从句的动作不是发生在同一时间.这时,需要根据意思选用表示不同时间的虚拟语气形式.例句:if i were you ,i would have taken his advice.(从句表示现在时间,主句表示过去时间),我要是你,就听他的忠告了。
B.Would D.Must
12.—Did you enjoy your trip?
—Yes. But for your advice, we __________ our stay in London half as much. A.didn’t enjoy C.wouldn’t enjoy 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:——你旅途愉快吗?——是的,要不是你的建议,我们在伦敦的逗留时间不会有那么多。此处是虚拟语气,与过去的事实相反,谓语动词用would have+过去分词,But for相当于if虚拟语气的从句部分,此处用否定式,故答案为D。
B.hadn’t enjoyed D.wouldn’t have enjoyed
13.If you my advice, you how to solve the problem now.
A.had taken; would have known C.took; would have known 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
B.had taken; would know D.took; would know
考查虚拟语气。句意:如果你当时听了我的劝告,你现在就知道如何解决这个问题了。此处是虚拟语气,if从句表示与过去的事实相反,用过去完成时。主句表示与现在的事实相反,用would/should/could/might+动词原形。故选B. 【点睛】
虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,要区别对待。
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如: If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会是工程师了。此处从句指过去的事实,如果当初努力学习,主句和现在事实相反,指现在就是工程师了。
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:
If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了。从句现在事实是他不认识她,主句与过去事实相反,指他没去问候。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如: If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄稼会长得更好。从句与过去相反指今年下雨很多,主句与现在情况相反指庄稼没有长好。
14.-- It’s many years since I saw you last; I _____ you at all. --- I wouldn’t have, either, if someone ______ you by the name. A.didn’t recognize; hadn’t called C.haven’t recognized; didn’t call 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查时态和虚拟语气。句意:---自从上一次相见已经过去许多年了,我没有认出你来。---如果不是有人喊你的名字,我也没有认出你。第一空指的是说这句话之前没有认出对方,故用过去式;第二空表示对过去事情相反的假设,在从句中对过去的虚拟用过去完成式。故选A。
B.didn’t recognize; didn’t call D.recognized; had called
15.The old professor insisted that the problem requiring paying attention to . A.was discussed C.be discussed 【答案】C 【解析】
B.would be discussed D.being discussed
【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:老教授坚持要讨论那个需要注意的问题。insist表示“坚持要求”时,其后的宾语从句要用should do的虚拟语气,其中should可以省略,其discuss与主语problem是被动关系,故C项正确。 【点睛】
在表示建议、坚持、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中,要用should do的虚拟语气,本题中,requiring paying attention to作后置定语修饰the problem,所以to后不用动名词作宾语。
16.Li Ling acted in the party that way as if he__________the host. A.had been 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查as if从句虚拟语气的用法。句意:李岭在晚会上那样表现就好像他是主人一样。分析句子成分可知,“as if he__________the host”为方式状语从句,根据语境, “他是主人”为客观事实相反的假设,谓语动词用一般过去时,如遇系动词则用were,故选D。
B.is
C.should be
D.were
17.I’ll give ____ to your suggestion that we ____ a party in honor of the experienced professor. A.much thought; hold C.much thought; will hold 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查不可数名词和suggestion后的同位语从句。句意:我将仔细考虑你的建议,我们为这位经验丰富的教授举行一个聚会。thought作为“想法”的时候是可数名词,作为抽象意义的“思想”时是不可数名词;suggestion后面的同位语从句应该用(should)+动词原形。结合句意可知答案为A。
B.many thoughts; should hold D.some thought; can hold
18.If he had been working hard, he ______ in the office now. However, he didn’t. A.would be working B.were to be working C.was working 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他过去一直努力工作,现在就坐在办公室工作了。然而,他没有。根据“However, he didn’t.”可知,此句是混合虚拟语气。If从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。与现在相反的虚拟语气的主句可用would/could/ might +动词原形。根据语境及时间状语“now”可知,此处是指现在正在工作,因此要用进行时,故选A。 【点睛】
D.should work
一、虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法
虚拟语气用于表示说话人所说的并不是事实,而是一种假设或愿望,往往与事实相反。 1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式(be用were),主语+would(should/ could/might)+动词原形 1) If I were you, I would study English.如果我是你,我就会学英语。 2)I would certainly go if I had time.如果有时间的话,我一定会去的。 2. 表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句
If+主语+ had done,主语+would(should /could/ might)+ have done
1) If you had taken my advice, you would not have missed the test. 如果你接受了我的建议,你就不会错过考试。
3.表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
If+主语+should(were to)+动词原形/动词的过去式,主语+would(could /should /might)+动词原形。
If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. 如果明天下雨,会议就会推迟了。 二、 错综时间虚拟条件句。即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致,如从句指过去,而主句即指的是现在或将来,此时应根据具体的语境情况,结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整:
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下雨的话,现在地面就会是湿的。
19.I regret not having taken your advice. Otherwise I ________ this mistake at the moment. A.didn’t make C.hadn’t make 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:我后悔没有采纳你的意见。否则,我不会现在犯这么多错误。Otherwise表示“否则”,隐含一种条件在里面,现在这“条件”是不真实的,用虚拟语气;主句中at the moment表示现在,对现在的虚拟用would+动词原形,故选B。
B.wouldn’t make D.wouldn’t have made
20.They urged the government stick to the planned procedure. A.would 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】
考查宾语从句中的虚拟语气。句意:他们敦促政府坚持提前计划好的程序。句子为一个宾语从句,且谓语动词“urged(催促)”含有强烈要求别人、命令别人做某事的意思,所以从句应用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)。故选B。 【点睛】
B.should
C.could
D.might
在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面的宾语从句中,由于这些动词本身隐含说话者的主观意见,认为某事应该或不应该怎样,后面的“that”从句应用虚拟语气,形式为“should+动词原形”。但事实上“should”常被省略,故此从句中谓语动词用原形,常用的此类动词有:表示“要求”的:ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg;表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move, propose, suggest, recommend, advise, vote;表示“决定、命令”的:decide, order;表示“主张”的:maintain, urge;表示“同意、坚持”的:consent, insist等等。本题中“urge”就是表示强烈要求的,所以宾语从句中从句部分应使用should+动词原形结构。故选B。
21.How I wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden! A.has 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:我多么希望每个家庭都有一个带着美丽花园的大房子!此句是wish引导的从句,从句要虚拟语气,根据wish可知是与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时。故选C项。
B.will have
C.had
D.had had
22.I ___________ a full mark in the last listening exam if I hadn’t practiced it during the winter holiday. A.didn’t got C.wouldn’t get 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我在寒假没有练习听力的话,我就不会在最近的听力考试中得满分。分析句意可知,真正的事实是,我在寒假进行了听力练习,因而在听力考试中得了满分。此句应使用虚拟语气,表示对过去事实的虚拟。故已知从句部分使用过去完成时的否定形式表达虚拟(hadn’t practiced),主句应使用过去将来完成时(would have done)表达虚拟,且结合句意应使用否定形式,故选D。
B.hadn’t got D.wouldn’t have got
23.To my delight, the students are recycling many things they _______ away in the past. A.were throwing 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:让我高兴的是,学生们正在回收很多东西,是他们过去本来会扔掉的。分析句子可知,空格所在句定语从句,是一个隐含的虚拟语气,in the past相当于If they had been in the past,所以句子用虚拟语气,和过去相反用would have done。故选C。
B.will be throwing
C.would have thrown D.had thrown
24.Mary is blind. If she ______ the bright world now, she would be full of joy. A.will see 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:Mary是盲人。如果她现在能看到这个光明的世界,她将充满快乐。根据条件状语从句中的now与“would be”可知,这句话是对与现在事实相反的情况的虚拟。与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式,主句谓语用should(would, could, might)+动词原形。选项中只有选项C中的could是情态动词can的过去式,故选C。 【点睛】
虚拟条件句的三种基本类型:与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。与现在事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式,主句谓语用should(would, could, might)+动词原形。与过去事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用should(would, could, might)+have+过去分词。与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用should(would, could, might)+动词原形。根据本句句意以及条件状语从句中的now,我们可知是对现实事实的假设,故从句中的谓语动词使用过去式。故选C。
B.can see
C.could see
D.has seen
25.The violence in Hong Kong has threatened its stability. We would rather it ______ its former order soon. A.would restore 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:香港的暴力威胁着它的稳定性,我们宁愿它能尽快恢复原有的秩序。would rather“宁愿做什么”,后跟that从句中的谓语动词习惯上要用虚拟语气。分析句子可知,这里表示的是现在的愿望,所以要用一般过去时。故选C项。 【点睛】
would rather后that从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气,具体用法如下: 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。
I would rather you went tomorrow.(我宁愿你明天去)。 用过去时完成时表示过去的愿望。
I would rather you hadn’t said it.(我希望你没有这样说过)。
结合本题中,描述的是香港现在存在的暴力现象,所以她能尽快恢复。这是表现在的愿望,所以用一般过去式。
B.will restore
C.restored
D.had restored
26._____ the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A.If it is not
B.Were it not for
C.Had it not been for D.If it had not been
【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:如果不是因为免费的电影票,我就不会看电影看得那么勤。根据 I would not have gone to the films so often.可知,这里在对过去进行虚拟,要用非真实条件句的虚拟语气,此时条件从句中谓语动词用had done。而当非真实条件句中有had时,可以省略if,把had提至主语前形成部分倒装结构。故选C项。 【点睛】
非真实条件句的虚拟语气是虚拟语气的考查中很重要的一部分。非真实条件句表示条件从句假设的动作客观上未发生,只是主观虚拟在这个动作发生的情况下主句动作的反馈。非真实条件句的虚拟语气可分为对现在的虚拟、对过去的虚拟和对将来的虚拟,每一种情况下条件从句的谓语动词和主句的谓语动词形式都是有相应要求的。而当非真实条件句中有should、had或were时,可以省略if,而把should、had、或were提至主语前,从句形成部分倒装结构。本题正好符合这种情况,首先根据分析出的非真实条件从句可以写出一般形式“If it had not been for the free ticket”,再省略if、提前had作部分倒装,即可得出正确答案。
27._______ with the severe situation, the expert suggested the market referred to at once. A.Facing; be shut down C.To Face; being shut down 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查非谓语动词及虚拟语气。句意:面对严峻的形势,专家建议被提及的市场应立即关闭。根据空后介词with可知,第一空是短语:be faced with“面对,面临”,位于句首,省略be动词,使用过去分词做状语;第二空:suggest表“建议”的时候,宾语从句的谓语动词使用should do,should常省略,market与shut down是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态。注意referred to是the market的后置定语,意为“被提及的市场”。故选D。
B.Faced; being shut down D.Faced; be shut down
28.She said she would have sent a car for me ________ that I was arriving today. A.if it didn’t slip her mind B.if it weren’t to slip her mind C.had it not slipped her mind D.shouldn’t it slipped her mind 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:她说如果她没有忘记我今天到的话,她会派车来接我的。分析句子成分可知,she would have sent a car for me ________ that I was arriving today为宾语从句,
该宾语从句中用虚拟语气,根据句意,该句与过去事实相反,从句________ that I was arriving today中应用过去完成时,该空处可填“if it hadn’t slipped her mind”。再有,虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是had,should,were 的话,可以省略连词if,且用倒装,故该句还可表述为had it not slipped her mind,选项C符合题意,故选C。
29.Frankly, I’d rather you ____________anything about it for the time being. A.not do 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:坦白说,我希望你暂时什么都不要做。would rather后接句子时,句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气,本句中需要用一般过去时表现现在或将来的愿望。动词do的否定过去式为didn’t do,故选C项。
B.don’t do
C.didn’t do
D.will not do
30.I did not see your sister at the meeting. If she , she would have met my brother A.has come C.come 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意:我没有在会上见到你妹妹。如果她来了,她会遇见我哥哥的。if 引导的虚拟条件句,与过去事实相反的假设。主句谓语动词形式would/could/might/should have done,条件从句的谓语动词形式had done。故D选项正确。 【点睛】
If 引导的虚拟条件句 与过去事实相反的假设 与现在事实相反的假设 与将来事实相反的假设 条件从句的谓语动词形式 had done 主句谓语动词形式 would/could/might/should have done would/could/might/should do B.did come D.had come
过去时(was→were) 过去时 (was→were ) ; should do; were to do would/could/might/should do 本句表示与过去事实相反的假设。主句谓语动词形式would/could/might/should have done,条件从句的谓语动词形式had done。故D选项正确。
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