Need的用法
1. need作情态动词
need作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,形式为need not+原形动词。(need辅助后面实义动词,有一定的词义,但不能独立使用) 例:You need not hand in the paper this week.
情态助动词 + 主动词
主语 + 复合谓语 + 宾语 + 状语
注意用need 提问时,肯定回答为 must,否定回答为 needn’t或don’t have to。 例:—Need I finish the work today? (need助动词)
—Yes, you must .是的。
—No. you needn’t /don’t have to. 不, 你不必。
2. need作实义动词
作实义动词,need和普通动词一样,有人称、数和时态的变化,后接名词、代词、不定式或动名词做宾语,可用于任何句子。need肯定陈述句中独立做谓语,而疑问和否定则要借助于do构成。如:
Do you need a dictionary? 你需要词典吗?
1)如果主语是人,句型如下: sb. need(s) sth. 某人需要某物
sb. need to do sth. 某人需要去做某事
例: I need to pass the exam. 我需要通过这次考试。
He needs to learn English .他需要学习英语。 You need my help. 你需要我的帮助 主语+谓语+ 宾语 2)如果主语为某物
某物需要某种方法处理时,need之后可接不定式短语,但一定为被动语态;也接doing,但一定为主动语态。句型如下:Sth. need doing 某事需要被做
= need to be done
特别注意两点:
①.主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义;也接动名词,但一定为主动语态。 ②.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如:. 例: The flowers need watering.
= The flowers need to be watered. 这些花需要浇水。 同理:
→The window needs to be fixed.(√ 正确 ) =The window needs fixing.( √ 正确 ) (这窗子需要修理。)
The window needs being fixed.(Х错误 )
3. 表过去状况时
a. didn’t need to+原形动词 表示 “当时不必⋯ ⋯(而且亦未如此做)”,直陈语气 例:He didn’t need to attend the party, so he stayed home.
(当时他不必参加派对,所以就留在家里。)
b. need not have+过去分词 表示 “当时不必⋯ ⋯(但却如此做)” 例:He needn’t have attended the party, but he went there just the same.
(当时他可以不必参加派对,但他还是去了。)
后者也就是虚拟语气: needn't +完成式 “表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。
例:You needn't have waited for me.
4. 注意need在反意疑问句中的变化
a.实义动词,就是一般动词,需要加do/does/did构成。 例:He needs to go, doesn’t he? (needs为动词) (他需要去,不是吗?)
He doesn’t need to go, does he? (他不必去,对吧?)
b.情态动词,直接用need构成
例:He need not go, need he? ( need与not连用,情态动词,就是助动词) (他不必去,对吗?)
Dare的用法(语法成分与need相同)
1. dare作情态动词
作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和if/whether从句中, 没有人称和数的变化,但是有过去式(dared),后接动词原形。 例: How dare you say I’m unfair?
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
I wonder whether he dare do it.
反意疑问句中:He daren't speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
2. dare作实义动词
可作实义动词用时,即一般动词,具有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。 例:Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路吗?
He doesn't dare (to) meet his teacher’s eyes. 他不敢与老师对视。 He dared to go.(当时他敢去。) 3. 习惯用法:
a. I daresay + (that)从句我敢说⋯ ⋯ (daresay是一个词,亦可作dare say) 例:1 daresay he will be late again.(我敢说他又会迟到。) b. How dare + 一般陈述句? ⋯ ⋯怎敢⋯ ⋯? 例:How dare you say such a thing to me? (你怎敢在我面前说这种话?) 练习
1. You _______ worry about me. It’s nothing serious. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. won’t
2. What a beautiful day! You ___ take your umbrella at all. A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. may not 3. ---Must I return the book by the end of next month? ---____. you can keep it as long as you like. A. No, you mustn’t B. No, you can’t C. Yes, you have to D. No, you needn’t 4. My little son ____ out alone at right. A. dare not to go B. dares not to go C. doesn’t dare to go D. dares not go 5. ---Sorry, I am late.
---Why, you ____ to the company today, for it is Sunday. A. couldn’t have come B. needn’t have come C. needn’t come D. didn’t need to come 6. ---Do you want to buy a big apartment? ---Well, it ___ be big ---that’s not important. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t
7. After the glasses fell to the ground and broke, the little boy ___ his grandma about it. A. dare not tell B. dare not telling C. dare not to tell D. didn’t dare to tell
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